Explanation Direct speech: " I broke my pencil today ." Changes in indirect speech: " I " → "she" " broke " (past) → "had broken" (past perfect) " my " → "her" " today " → "that day" So, the correct indirect narration is: She said to him that she had broken her pencil that day.

Explanation Direct speech : " You are my best friend. " Indirect speech : Pronouns and tense change: " You " → " I " " are " (present) → " was " (past) " my " → " his " So the correct narration is: He said that I was his best friend.

Explanation September 11 attacks, also called  9/11 attacks. series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed in 2001 by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda against targets in the  United States. The deadliest terrorist attacks on American soil in U.S. history. Explanation Sun Yat-sen  (founding father of  China ) Sun Yat-sen born:  1866 Sun Yat-sen died:  1925 Sun Yat-sen: first provisional  president  of  China Sun Yat-sen title:  Father of the Nation   Explanation مستنصر حسین تارڑ کا نیا ناول ۔ "شہر خالی، کوچہ خالی" (کورونا کے شب و روز ۔ ایک ناول) وہ جو نا مساعد حالات میں ک ورونا کی وبا کے سامنے صف آرا ہ و گئے   Explanation Grisly means بھیانک Horrible means ہولناک Explanation Google, a  US multinational technology  company Google is a type of  search engine  operating  since 1997 Google was  founded  in the year:  September 4, 1998 The  Headquarters  of Google is located in the city: of  California Sergen Brin & Larry Page  is the  founder  of Google Sergey Brin  is the  real owner  of Google Parent organization : Alphabet Inc. ND07-3-2023 Explanation Notre-Dame meaning "Our Lady of Paris", referred to simply as Notre-Dame,in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. Explanation The C programming language was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie in the Bell Laboratories of the AT & T (American Telephone & Telegraph) ,located in U.S.A. Dennis Ritchie is known as the founder of c language. *** Co developer of Unix C is a general-purpose computer programming language . It was created in the 1970s . By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs.  Designed by: Dennis Ritchie First appeared: 1972 ***** Explanation Antiquity is an ancient artifact or item dating from the middle ages and earlier. Archaeology is a science that studies the human past through the analysis of material culture. The study of antiquities is known as Archaeology ND11-2-2023 Explanation In the sentence "Her parents are walking on the road in the morning," the phrase "in the morning" is adverbial. An adverbial phrase modifies the verb "are walking" by providing information about when the action is taking place. Explanation Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as: the central processing unit monitor keyboard computer data storage graphic card sound card and motherboard. ND11-2-2023

Explanation September 11 attacks, also called  9/11 attacks. series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed in 2001 by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda against targets in the  United States. The deadliest terrorist attacks on American soil in U.S. history. Explanation Sun Yat-sen  (founding father of  China ) Sun Yat-sen born:  1866 Sun Yat-sen died:  1925 Sun Yat-sen: first provisional  president  of  China Sun Yat-sen title:  Father of the Nation   Explanation مستنصر حسین تارڑ کا نیا ناول ۔ "شہر خالی، کوچہ خالی" (کورونا کے شب و روز ۔ ایک ناول) وہ جو نا مساعد حالات میں ک ورونا کی وبا کے سامنے صف آرا ہ و گئے   Explanation Grisly means بھیانک Horrible means ہولناک Explanation Google, a  US multinational technology  company Google is a type of  search engine  operating  since 1997 Google was  founded  in the year:  September 4, 1998 The  Headquarters  of Google is located in the city: of  California Sergen Brin & Larry Page  is the  founder  of Google Sergey Brin  is the  real owner  of Google Parent organization : Alphabet Inc. ND07-3-2023 Explanation Notre-Dame meaning "Our Lady of Paris", referred to simply as Notre-Dame,in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. Explanation The C programming language was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie in the Bell Laboratories of the AT & T (American Telephone & Telegraph) ,located in U.S.A. Dennis Ritchie is known as the founder of c language. *** Co developer of Unix C is a general-purpose computer programming language . It was created in the 1970s . By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs.  Designed by: Dennis Ritchie First appeared: 1972 ***** Explanation Antiquity is an ancient artifact or item dating from the middle ages and earlier. Archaeology is a science that studies the human past through the analysis of material culture. The study of antiquities is known as Archaeology ND11-2-2023 Explanation In the sentence "Her parents are walking on the road in the morning," the phrase "in the morning" is adverbial. An adverbial phrase modifies the verb "are walking" by providing information about when the action is taking place. Explanation Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as: the central processing unit monitor keyboard computer data storage graphic card sound card and motherboard. ND11-2-2023

Explanation September 11 attacks, also called  9/11 attacks. series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed in 2001 by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda against targets in the  United States. The deadliest terrorist attacks on American soil in U.S. history. Explanation Sun Yat-sen  (founding father of  China ) Sun Yat-sen born:  1866 Sun Yat-sen died:  1925 Sun Yat-sen: first provisional  president  of  China Sun Yat-sen title:  Father of the Nation   Explanation مستنصر حسین تارڑ کا نیا ناول ۔ "شہر خالی، کوچہ خالی" (کورونا کے شب و روز ۔ ایک ناول) وہ جو نا مساعد حالات میں ک ورونا کی وبا کے سامنے صف آرا ہ و گئے   Explanation Grisly means بھیانک Horrible means ہولناک Explanation Google, a  US multinational technology  company Google is a type of  search engine  operating  since 1997 Google was  founded  in the year:  September 4, 1998 The  Headquarters  of Google is located in the city: of  California Sergen Brin & Larry Page  is the  founder  of Google Sergey Brin  is the  real owner  of Google Parent organization : Alphabet Inc. ND07-3-2023 Explanation Notre-Dame meaning "Our Lady of Paris", referred to simply as Notre-Dame,in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. Explanation The C programming language was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie in the Bell Laboratories of the AT & T (American Telephone & Telegraph) ,located in U.S.A. Dennis Ritchie is known as the founder of c language. *** Co developer of Unix C is a general-purpose computer programming language . It was created in the 1970s . By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs.  Designed by: Dennis Ritchie First appeared: 1972 ***** Explanation Antiquity is an ancient artifact or item dating from the middle ages and earlier. Archaeology is a science that studies the human past through the analysis of material culture. The study of antiquities is known as Archaeology ND11-2-2023 Explanation In the sentence "Her parents are walking on the road in the morning," the phrase "in the morning" is adverbial. An adverbial phrase modifies the verb "are walking" by providing information about when the action is taking place. Explanation Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as: the central processing unit monitor keyboard computer data storage graphic card sound card and motherboard. ND11-2-2023

Explanation September 11 attacks, also called  9/11 attacks. series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed in 2001 by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda against targets in the  United States. The deadliest terrorist attacks on American soil in U.S. history. Explanation Sun Yat-sen  (founding father of  China ) Sun Yat-sen born:  1866 Sun Yat-sen died:  1925 Sun Yat-sen: first provisional  president  of  China Sun Yat-sen title:  Father of the Nation   Explanation مستنصر حسین تارڑ کا نیا ناول ۔ "شہر خالی، کوچہ خالی" (کورونا کے شب و روز ۔ ایک ناول) وہ جو نا مساعد حالات میں ک ورونا کی وبا کے سامنے صف آرا ہ و گئے   Explanation Grisly means بھیانک Horrible means ہولناک Explanation Google, a  US multinational technology  company Google is a type of  search engine  operating  since 1997 Google was  founded  in the year:  September 4, 1998 The  Headquarters  of Google is located in the city: of  California Sergen Brin & Larry Page  is the  founder  of Google Sergey Brin  is the  real owner  of Google Parent organization : Alphabet Inc. ND07-3-2023 Explanation Notre-Dame meaning "Our Lady of Paris", referred to simply as Notre-Dame,in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. Explanation The C programming language was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie in the Bell Laboratories of the AT & T (American Telephone & Telegraph) ,located in U.S.A. Dennis Ritchie is known as the founder of c language. *** Co developer of Unix C is a general-purpose computer programming language . It was created in the 1970s . By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs.  Designed by: Dennis Ritchie First appeared: 1972 ***** Explanation Antiquity is an ancient artifact or item dating from the middle ages and earlier. Archaeology is a science that studies the human past through the analysis of material culture. The study of antiquities is known as Archaeology ND11-2-2023 Explanation In the sentence "Her parents are walking on the road in the morning," the phrase "in the morning" is adverbial. An adverbial phrase modifies the verb "are walking" by providing information about when the action is taking place. Explanation Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as: the central processing unit monitor keyboard computer data storage graphic card sound card and motherboard. ND11-2-2023

Explanation September 11 attacks, also called  9/11 attacks. series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed in 2001 by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda against targets in the  United States. The deadliest terrorist attacks on American soil in U.S. history.

Explanation Sun Yat-sen  (founding father of  China ) Sun Yat-sen born:  1866 Sun Yat-sen died:  1925 Sun Yat-sen: first provisional  president  of  China Sun Yat-sen title:  Father of the Nation

Explanation Active voice: " Did you catch the fly? " (past simple, interrogative) Passive voice: Start with " Was " (since " fly " is singular and past tense is used) " catch " → " caught " (past participle) Subject " you " comes after " by " Correct passive voice: Was the fly caught by you?

Explanation The hertz is the unit of frequency  of one cycle per second.   symbol: hertz (Hz) Hertz in honor of the German physicist Heinrich Hertz hertz in the International System of Units (SI) frequency i s defined as one cycle per second *** Explanation Exponential notation (scientific notation) is used to express very small (e.g., 0.0000001) or very large (e.g., 1000000000) quantities compactly by representing numbers as powers of 10 . Key Information : Format : a × 10^n, where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n is an integer. Used for very large or very small numbers . Examples: Large number : 6.022 × 10^23 ( Avogadro's number ) Small number : 1.6 × 10^-19 ( Charge of an electron ) Explanation Marconi  invented  Radio . Radio was invented in  1895 . Guglielmo Marconi was an  Italian  inventor.  ***** Explanation The Mole (mol) is the SI unit of amount of substance, representing 6.022 x 10^23 particles. It is used to measure the amount of a substance in a sample. Explanation Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) was a pioneering microbiologist and chemist whose work bridged both fields: As a Chemist : Discovered molecular chirality (optical isomers). Studied fermentation, proving it was caused by microorganisms. As a Microbiologist : Developed pasteurization (heat treatment to kill microbes in food). Created vaccines for rabies and anthrax. Disproved spontaneous generation (germ theory of disease). Explanation The chemical formula CH₃COOH represents acetic acid , a weak organic acid commonly found in vinegar. Key Information : Common Name : Acetic acid (systematic name: ethanoic acid). Properties : Weak acid (partially dissociates in water). Pungent smell, sour taste (vinegar contains ~4–8% acetic acid). Explanation Xylem and Phloem are specialized conducting tissues in vascular plants: Xylem : Transports water and minerals from roots to other parts (unidirectional). Phloem : Transports sugars (photosynthates) from leaves to other parts (bidirectional). Explanation The atomic weight of Mercury (Hg) is 200.59 unified atomic mass units (u), as listed on the periodic table. Key Information : Symbol : Hg (from Latin Hydrargyrum) Atomic Number : 80 Standard Atomic Weight : 200.592 u (often rounded to 200.59 u). Explanation The mass of Earth is approximately 6.0 x 10^24 kilograms ( 5.98 x 10^24 kg ). This is a widely accepted scientific value , based on various measurements and calculations, including: Gravity measurements Satellite orbits Seismological data Planetary formation models Explanation Longitudinal Wave (Primary Nature): Sound propagates as compressions and rarefactions (particles vibrate parallel to wave direction). Example: Sound waves in air. Mechanical Wave (Medium Dependency): Requires a medium (solid, liquid, gas) to travel—cannot propagate in a vacuum. Transverse Wave (In Specific Cases): In solids, sound can also exhibit transverse wave components (particles vibrate perpendicular to the wave direction).