Explanation Arshad Nadeem  set a new  Olympic  record  by clinching the coveted  gold medal  in the men’s  javelin  final This ended Pakistan’s  32-year  wait for success at the Games  Throw:  92.97-m throw Winning date:  8 Aug 2024 Arshad belongs to  Mian Channu.   Nadeem’s throw was Pakistan’s  first individual  gold medal Note:  It also shattered the previous Olympic record of  90.57m , set by the Netherlands’  Andreas Thorkildsen  at the  Beijing 2008 Olympics. The throw now stands as the  sixth  longest throw ever, and the best in the world this year.  ****

Explanation The 2022 floods in Pakistan were primarily caused by exceptionally heavy monsoon rains , far above average. These rains led to massive flooding across all provinces , affecting millions.

Explanation Signed by  President Asif Ali Zardari  on 21 October 2024. About  26 th  amendment of the constitution of Pakistan. Approved by  Senate  on 20 October 2024 ( 65  votes). Approved by  National Assembly  on 21 October 2024 ( 225 votes ).

Explanation The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was dissolved on October 24, 1954 By Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad. Additional information  The period of the Assembly was from 10 August 1947 to 24 October 1954. This action was take n amidst political tensions and efforts to revise the 1935 Government of India Act The Assembly passed the Objectives Resolution in 1949 Muhammad Ali Jinnah served as the first president of the Assembly until he died in 1948.  The first session was held at the Sindh Assembly Building, Karachi.

Explanation Copper is an excellent conductor of heat , having a high thermal conductivity (386 W/mK). This means it can efficiently transfer heat energy with minimal resistance. Metals (e.g., iron, copper, silver, mercury, aluminum) are good conductors of heat. Explanation In solids, heat transfer occurs primarily through conduction , where vibrations and collisions of particles (atoms or molecules) transfer energy from one point to another. Explanation Conduction is the transfer of internal energy (heat) through direct contact between particles or molecules. Including collisions and movements of electrons within a substance. This process occurs in solids. Explanation Burning of wood is a chemical change , as it involves a chemical reaction between the wood and oxygen. Resulting in a change in chemical composition and the formation of new substances (ashes, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc). Explanation Fertilizers are substances added to soil to provide essential nutrients for plant growth, making up for any deficiencies in the soil. Explanation Hydrocarbon compounds are typically derived from fossil fuels and consist of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Examples include fuels like gasoline, natural gas, and propane , as well as waxes like candle wax and paraffin wax. Explanation When fuel is burned , carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) is primarily produced. The combustion of fuel , particularly hydrocarbons, typically results in the formation of carbon dioxide and water vapor (H₂O). Explanation Melting of ice is a physical change , as it only involves a change in state (from solid to liquid) without a change in chemical composition. The examples of chemical changes: Burning of fuel Explosion of firework Burning of wood Cooking of food (breakfast, lunch, dinner) Bursting of crackers Burning of wax Rusting of iron Heating sulphur with iron fillings (to produce iron sulphide) Digestion of food Respiration in living things Photosynthesis in plants Explanation A chemical change , also known as a chemical reaction. It is a process that alters the composition of one or more substances, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties. Explanation A change in physical appearance or state of a substance , such as a change in shape, size, color, or phase (solid, liquid, gas), is called a Physical Change. The are examples of Physical Changes: Melting (ice cream, wax, chocolate, ice and change from solid to liquid ) Phase changes ( boiling, freezing, condensation ) Crushing (chalk) Tearing (paper) Crumpling (aluminium foil) Stretching (rubber band) Mixing (sugar in water) Dissolving (sugar, salt in water) Moulding (clay, metals) Slicing (fruit) Forming of frost (from water vapors) Transition to a gas (change from liquid to gas) Change of durability (change in texture or strength) Changes to crystal form (change in crystal structure)

Explanation Copper is an excellent conductor of heat , having a high thermal conductivity (386 W/mK). This means it can efficiently transfer heat energy with minimal resistance. Metals (e.g., iron, copper, silver, mercury, aluminum) are good conductors of heat. Explanation In solids, heat transfer occurs primarily through conduction , where vibrations and collisions of particles (atoms or molecules) transfer energy from one point to another. Explanation Conduction is the transfer of internal energy (heat) through direct contact between particles or molecules. Including collisions and movements of electrons within a substance. This process occurs in solids. Explanation Burning of wood is a chemical change , as it involves a chemical reaction between the wood and oxygen. Resulting in a change in chemical composition and the formation of new substances (ashes, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc). Explanation Fertilizers are substances added to soil to provide essential nutrients for plant growth, making up for any deficiencies in the soil. Explanation Hydrocarbon compounds are typically derived from fossil fuels and consist of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Examples include fuels like gasoline, natural gas, and propane , as well as waxes like candle wax and paraffin wax. Explanation When fuel is burned , carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) is primarily produced. The combustion of fuel , particularly hydrocarbons, typically results in the formation of carbon dioxide and water vapor (H₂O). Explanation Melting of ice is a physical change , as it only involves a change in state (from solid to liquid) without a change in chemical composition. The examples of chemical changes: Burning of fuel Explosion of firework Burning of wood Cooking of food (breakfast, lunch, dinner) Bursting of crackers Burning of wax Rusting of iron Heating sulphur with iron fillings (to produce iron sulphide) Digestion of food Respiration in living things Photosynthesis in plants Explanation A chemical change , also known as a chemical reaction. It is a process that alters the composition of one or more substances, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties. Explanation A change in physical appearance or state of a substance , such as a change in shape, size, color, or phase (solid, liquid, gas), is called a Physical Change. The are examples of Physical Changes: Melting (ice cream, wax, chocolate, ice and change from solid to liquid ) Phase changes ( boiling, freezing, condensation ) Crushing (chalk) Tearing (paper) Crumpling (aluminium foil) Stretching (rubber band) Mixing (sugar in water) Dissolving (sugar, salt in water) Moulding (clay, metals) Slicing (fruit) Forming of frost (from water vapors) Transition to a gas (change from liquid to gas) Change of durability (change in texture or strength) Changes to crystal form (change in crystal structure)

Explanation Copper is an excellent conductor of heat , having a high thermal conductivity (386 W/mK). This means it can efficiently transfer heat energy with minimal resistance. Metals (e.g., iron, copper, silver, mercury, aluminum) are good conductors of heat. Explanation In solids, heat transfer occurs primarily through conduction , where vibrations and collisions of particles (atoms or molecules) transfer energy from one point to another. Explanation Conduction is the transfer of internal energy (heat) through direct contact between particles or molecules. Including collisions and movements of electrons within a substance. This process occurs in solids. Explanation Burning of wood is a chemical change , as it involves a chemical reaction between the wood and oxygen. Resulting in a change in chemical composition and the formation of new substances (ashes, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc). Explanation Fertilizers are substances added to soil to provide essential nutrients for plant growth, making up for any deficiencies in the soil. Explanation Hydrocarbon compounds are typically derived from fossil fuels and consist of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Examples include fuels like gasoline, natural gas, and propane , as well as waxes like candle wax and paraffin wax. Explanation When fuel is burned , carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) is primarily produced. The combustion of fuel , particularly hydrocarbons, typically results in the formation of carbon dioxide and water vapor (H₂O). Explanation Melting of ice is a physical change , as it only involves a change in state (from solid to liquid) without a change in chemical composition. The examples of chemical changes: Burning of fuel Explosion of firework Burning of wood Cooking of food (breakfast, lunch, dinner) Bursting of crackers Burning of wax Rusting of iron Heating sulphur with iron fillings (to produce iron sulphide) Digestion of food Respiration in living things Photosynthesis in plants Explanation A chemical change , also known as a chemical reaction. It is a process that alters the composition of one or more substances, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties. Explanation A change in physical appearance or state of a substance , such as a change in shape, size, color, or phase (solid, liquid, gas), is called a Physical Change. The are examples of Physical Changes: Melting (ice cream, wax, chocolate, ice and change from solid to liquid ) Phase changes ( boiling, freezing, condensation ) Crushing (chalk) Tearing (paper) Crumpling (aluminium foil) Stretching (rubber band) Mixing (sugar in water) Dissolving (sugar, salt in water) Moulding (clay, metals) Slicing (fruit) Forming of frost (from water vapors) Transition to a gas (change from liquid to gas) Change of durability (change in texture or strength) Changes to crystal form (change in crystal structure)

Explanation Copper is an excellent conductor of heat , having a high thermal conductivity (386 W/mK). This means it can efficiently transfer heat energy with minimal resistance. Metals (e.g., iron, copper, silver, mercury, aluminum) are good conductors of heat. Explanation In solids, heat transfer occurs primarily through conduction , where vibrations and collisions of particles (atoms or molecules) transfer energy from one point to another. Explanation Conduction is the transfer of internal energy (heat) through direct contact between particles or molecules. Including collisions and movements of electrons within a substance. This process occurs in solids. Explanation Burning of wood is a chemical change , as it involves a chemical reaction between the wood and oxygen. Resulting in a change in chemical composition and the formation of new substances (ashes, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc). Explanation Fertilizers are substances added to soil to provide essential nutrients for plant growth, making up for any deficiencies in the soil. Explanation Hydrocarbon compounds are typically derived from fossil fuels and consist of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Examples include fuels like gasoline, natural gas, and propane , as well as waxes like candle wax and paraffin wax. Explanation When fuel is burned , carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) is primarily produced. The combustion of fuel , particularly hydrocarbons, typically results in the formation of carbon dioxide and water vapor (H₂O). Explanation Melting of ice is a physical change , as it only involves a change in state (from solid to liquid) without a change in chemical composition. The examples of chemical changes: Burning of fuel Explosion of firework Burning of wood Cooking of food (breakfast, lunch, dinner) Bursting of crackers Burning of wax Rusting of iron Heating sulphur with iron fillings (to produce iron sulphide) Digestion of food Respiration in living things Photosynthesis in plants Explanation A chemical change , also known as a chemical reaction. It is a process that alters the composition of one or more substances, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties. Explanation A change in physical appearance or state of a substance , such as a change in shape, size, color, or phase (solid, liquid, gas), is called a Physical Change. The are examples of Physical Changes: Melting (ice cream, wax, chocolate, ice and change from solid to liquid ) Phase changes ( boiling, freezing, condensation ) Crushing (chalk) Tearing (paper) Crumpling (aluminium foil) Stretching (rubber band) Mixing (sugar in water) Dissolving (sugar, salt in water) Moulding (clay, metals) Slicing (fruit) Forming of frost (from water vapors) Transition to a gas (change from liquid to gas) Change of durability (change in texture or strength) Changes to crystal form (change in crystal structure)

Explanation Copper is an excellent conductor of heat , having a high thermal conductivity (386 W/mK). This means it can efficiently transfer heat energy with minimal resistance. Metals (e.g., iron, copper, silver, mercury, aluminum) are good conductors of heat.

Explanation Olympic champion  Arshad Nadeem  threw a massive  86.40m  to win gold in the men’s javelin final at the  Asian Athletics Championship Winning date:  31 May 2025 Venue:  Gumi, South Korea Nadeem’s gold is Pakistan’s  first  and only medal at the championship.   Additional Information: The  2025 Asian Athletics Championships  was the  26th  edition of the Asian Athletics Championships. Being held from  27 to 31 May 2025  in  Gumi, South Korea .  **** Explanation Olympic champion  Arshad Nadeem  threw a massive  86.40m  to win gold in the men’s javelin final at the  Asian Athletics Championship Winning date:  31 May 2025 Venue:  Gumi, South Korea Nadeem’s gold is Pakistan’s  first  and only medal at the championship.   Additional Information: The  2025 Asian Athletics Championships  was the  26th  edition of the Asian Athletics Championships. Being held from  27 to 31 May 2025  in  Gumi, South Korea .  **** Explanation ð   Lieutenant General Muhammad Asim Malik   is the current and 26th   Director-General (DG) of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) since  30  Sep 2024 . ð   He replaced    Lt. Gen. Nadeem Anjum . ð  DG ISI tenure term:  3 years Last update on 01.09.2023         Updated & verified on 30-09-2024         Click here for reference  Explanation The Faraizi Movement (founded by Haji Shariatullah ) emphasized reviving Islamic obligations (Faraiz). It was not focused on modernization but on purifying Muslim society from un-Islamic practices. Explanation The Indus Waters  Treaty, treaty, signed on  September 19, 1960,   between  India and Pakistan The Indus Water Treaty between  India and Pakistan  was brokered by  the World Bank The   Treaty allocates  the  Western Rivers  ( Indus, Jhelum, Chenab ) to Pakistan while And the  Eastern River s ( Ravi, Beas, Sutlej ) to  India The Treaty was  signed  at  Karachi  by   Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan , T he  then President of Pakistan ,  J awaharlal Nehru  the then  Indian Prime  Minister , and   Mr. W.A.B. Illif  The Treaty is  effective  from  1st April 1960  Explanation Pakistan has a federal parliamentary system , where powers are shared between the federal government and provinces. The Prime Minister is the head of government , elected by the National Assembly . Explanation Arshad Nadeem  set a new  Olympic  record  by clinching the coveted  gold medal  in the men’s  javelin  final This ended Pakistan’s  32-year  wait for success at the Games  Throw:  92.97-m throw Winning date:  8 Aug 2024 Arshad belongs to  Mian Channu.   Nadeem’s throw was Pakistan’s  first individual  gold medal Note:  It also shattered the previous Olympic record of  90.57m , set by the Netherlands’  Andreas Thorkildsen  at the  Beijing 2008 Olympics. The throw now stands as the  sixth  longest throw ever, and the best in the world this year.  **** Explanation The 2022 floods in Pakistan were primarily caused by exceptionally heavy monsoon rains , far above average. These rains led to massive flooding across all provinces , affecting millions. Explanation Signed by  President Asif Ali Zardari  on 21 October 2024. About  26 th  amendment of the constitution of Pakistan. Approved by  Senate  on 20 October 2024 ( 65  votes). Approved by  National Assembly  on 21 October 2024 ( 225 votes ). Explanation The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was dissolved on October 24, 1954 By Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad. Additional information  The period of the Assembly was from 10 August 1947 to 24 October 1954. This action was take n amidst political tensions and efforts to revise the 1935 Government of India Act The Assembly passed the Objectives Resolution in 1949 Muhammad Ali Jinnah served as the first president of the Assembly until he died in 1948.  The first session was held at the Sindh Assembly Building, Karachi.