Explanation Battle of Tabuk was the last battle which took place 9th Hijri 630 ad . ********* VU FIA UDC CONSTABLE PAST PAPER 31-12-2021 Explanation Riyadh is capital of Saudi Arabia. ********* VU FIA ASSISTANT PAST PAPER 01-01-2022 Explanation Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam that should be performed by Muslims at least  once in a lifetime. It is an obligatory upon Muslims who  meet certain requirements  to be obliged to perform Hajj.  ************* FIA CBT VU PAPER 22-12-2021 Explanation Umar was the second muslim Caliph and reigned during 634 to 644 CE . THE REFORMS OF UMAR'S ERA. Umar undertook many administrative reforms and closely oversaw public policy, establishing an advanced administration for newly conquered lands, including several new ministries and bureaucracies, as well as ordering a census of all the Muslim territories . During his reign, the garrison cities of Basrah and al-Kūfah were founded or expanded. In 638, he extended and renovated the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina. He also began the process of codifying Islamic law. ********** VU CBT FIA PAPER 25-12-2021 Explanation According to some sources, Ismail (A.S.) lived in Makkah till his death . Ismail (A.S.), according to different sources, buried alongside his mother Hajar in near Kabaa in Masjid Al-Haram. *** "Hazrat Ismail (A.S) Was Son Of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) & Hazrat Hajra (A.S). The incident of Hazrat Ibrahim (Alaihis Salaam) sacrificing his son Hazrat Ismail (A.S) for the pleasure of Allah Ta'ala is well-known." ************ FIA CBT VU PAPER 17-12-2021 Explanation Before advent of Islam, the calendar year in Arabia was: Anno Domini Islamic Calendar starts from: Hijri Islamic calendar established by: Hazrat Umar (R.A) Explanation On 19 December 2021, an OIC s ession was held in Islamabad , to set up a Humanitarian Trust Fund and Food Security Programme to deal with the rapidly aggravating crisis. List of Summits Number Date Country Place 1st 22–25 September 1969   Morocco Rabat 2nd 22–24 February 1974   Pakistan Lahore 3rd 25–29 January 1981   Saudi Arabia Mecca  &  Ta’if 4th 16–19 January 1984   Morocco Casablanca 5th 26–29 January 1987   Kuwait Kuwait City 6th 9–11 December 1991   Senegal Dakar 7th 13–15 December 1994   Morocco Casablanca 1st Extraordinary 23–24 March 1997   Pakistan Islamabad 8th 9–11 December 1997   Iran Tehran 9th 12–13 November 2000   Qatar Doha 2nd Extraordinary 4–5 March 2003   Qatar Doha 10th 16–17 October 2003   Malaysia Putrajaya 3rd Extraordinary 7–8 December 2005   Saudi Arabia Mecca 11th 13–14 March 2008   Senegal Dakar 4th Extraordinary 14–15 August 2012   Saudi Arabia Mecca 12th 6–7 February 2013   Egypt Cairo 5th Extraordinary 6–7 March 2016   Indonesia Jakarta 13th 14–15 April 2016   Turkey Istanbul 6th Extraordinary 13 December 2017   Turkey Istanbul 7th Extraordinary 18 May 2018   Turkey Istanbul 14th 31 May 2019   Saudi Arabia Mecca 8th Extraordinary 19 December 2021   Pakistan Islamabad 48th session of the Council of Foreign Ministers 22 March 2022   Pakistan Islamabad Explanation Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan declared Istanbul’s Hagia Sophia  open to Muslim worship on July 10, 2020. officially the Hagia Sophia Mosque is a mosque and a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. Beginning date :  346 Completion date : 360 Dedicated date : 15 February 360 Restored date : 415  23 February 532–27 February 537 1847–1849 2002–2006 *** Dedicated to : The Holy Wisdom, a reference to the second person of the Trinity,  ND06-08-2023 Explanation Hazrat Bibi Fatima  was  born  in Makkah on the  2 0th  of Jumada al-Thaniya 18 B.H. She is  4th daughter  and 5th child of  Hazrat Muhammad and Hazrat Khadija (RA) Title  of Bibi Fatima is:  Tahira, Zahra, Umm Abiha, Sayyidatu nisa-alamin and al-Batul She  married  Hazrat Ali RA  ( 4th Rashidun Caliphs) in 2 AH She had  2 sons and 2 daughters:  Imam Hussain Imam Hassan Zaynab  Umm Kulthum She  died  in Madina on  11/632  She was  buried  in  Jannat-ul-Baqi Explanation Fatima (RA)  was  buried  in  Jannat-ul-Baqi Fatima died in 11/632, within  six months of Muhammad's death. She is  4th daughter  and 5th child of  Hazrat Muhammad and Hazrat Khadija (RA) She was  born  in Makkah on the  2 0th  of Jumada al-Thaniya 18 B.H. Title  of Bibi Fatima is:  Tahira, Zahra, Umm Abiha, Sayyidatu nisa-alamin and al-Batul She  married  Hazrat Ali RA  ( 4th Rashidun Caliphs) in 2 AH She had  2 sons and 2 daughters:  Imam Hussain Imam Hassan Zaynab  Umm Kulthum

Explanation Battle of Tabuk was the last battle which took place 9th Hijri 630 ad . ********* VU FIA UDC CONSTABLE PAST PAPER 31-12-2021 Explanation Riyadh is capital of Saudi Arabia. ********* VU FIA ASSISTANT PAST PAPER 01-01-2022 Explanation Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam that should be performed by Muslims at least  once in a lifetime. It is an obligatory upon Muslims who  meet certain requirements  to be obliged to perform Hajj.  ************* FIA CBT VU PAPER 22-12-2021 Explanation Umar was the second muslim Caliph and reigned during 634 to 644 CE . THE REFORMS OF UMAR'S ERA. Umar undertook many administrative reforms and closely oversaw public policy, establishing an advanced administration for newly conquered lands, including several new ministries and bureaucracies, as well as ordering a census of all the Muslim territories . During his reign, the garrison cities of Basrah and al-Kūfah were founded or expanded. In 638, he extended and renovated the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina. He also began the process of codifying Islamic law. ********** VU CBT FIA PAPER 25-12-2021 Explanation According to some sources, Ismail (A.S.) lived in Makkah till his death . Ismail (A.S.), according to different sources, buried alongside his mother Hajar in near Kabaa in Masjid Al-Haram. *** "Hazrat Ismail (A.S) Was Son Of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) & Hazrat Hajra (A.S). The incident of Hazrat Ibrahim (Alaihis Salaam) sacrificing his son Hazrat Ismail (A.S) for the pleasure of Allah Ta'ala is well-known." ************ FIA CBT VU PAPER 17-12-2021 Explanation Before advent of Islam, the calendar year in Arabia was: Anno Domini Islamic Calendar starts from: Hijri Islamic calendar established by: Hazrat Umar (R.A) Explanation On 19 December 2021, an OIC s ession was held in Islamabad , to set up a Humanitarian Trust Fund and Food Security Programme to deal with the rapidly aggravating crisis. List of Summits Number Date Country Place 1st 22–25 September 1969   Morocco Rabat 2nd 22–24 February 1974   Pakistan Lahore 3rd 25–29 January 1981   Saudi Arabia Mecca  &  Ta’if 4th 16–19 January 1984   Morocco Casablanca 5th 26–29 January 1987   Kuwait Kuwait City 6th 9–11 December 1991   Senegal Dakar 7th 13–15 December 1994   Morocco Casablanca 1st Extraordinary 23–24 March 1997   Pakistan Islamabad 8th 9–11 December 1997   Iran Tehran 9th 12–13 November 2000   Qatar Doha 2nd Extraordinary 4–5 March 2003   Qatar Doha 10th 16–17 October 2003   Malaysia Putrajaya 3rd Extraordinary 7–8 December 2005   Saudi Arabia Mecca 11th 13–14 March 2008   Senegal Dakar 4th Extraordinary 14–15 August 2012   Saudi Arabia Mecca 12th 6–7 February 2013   Egypt Cairo 5th Extraordinary 6–7 March 2016   Indonesia Jakarta 13th 14–15 April 2016   Turkey Istanbul 6th Extraordinary 13 December 2017   Turkey Istanbul 7th Extraordinary 18 May 2018   Turkey Istanbul 14th 31 May 2019   Saudi Arabia Mecca 8th Extraordinary 19 December 2021   Pakistan Islamabad 48th session of the Council of Foreign Ministers 22 March 2022   Pakistan Islamabad Explanation Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan declared Istanbul’s Hagia Sophia  open to Muslim worship on July 10, 2020. officially the Hagia Sophia Mosque is a mosque and a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. Beginning date :  346 Completion date : 360 Dedicated date : 15 February 360 Restored date : 415  23 February 532–27 February 537 1847–1849 2002–2006 *** Dedicated to : The Holy Wisdom, a reference to the second person of the Trinity,  ND06-08-2023 Explanation Hazrat Bibi Fatima  was  born  in Makkah on the  2 0th  of Jumada al-Thaniya 18 B.H. She is  4th daughter  and 5th child of  Hazrat Muhammad and Hazrat Khadija (RA) Title  of Bibi Fatima is:  Tahira, Zahra, Umm Abiha, Sayyidatu nisa-alamin and al-Batul She  married  Hazrat Ali RA  ( 4th Rashidun Caliphs) in 2 AH She had  2 sons and 2 daughters:  Imam Hussain Imam Hassan Zaynab  Umm Kulthum She  died  in Madina on  11/632  She was  buried  in  Jannat-ul-Baqi Explanation Fatima (RA)  was  buried  in  Jannat-ul-Baqi Fatima died in 11/632, within  six months of Muhammad's death. She is  4th daughter  and 5th child of  Hazrat Muhammad and Hazrat Khadija (RA) She was  born  in Makkah on the  2 0th  of Jumada al-Thaniya 18 B.H. Title  of Bibi Fatima is:  Tahira, Zahra, Umm Abiha, Sayyidatu nisa-alamin and al-Batul She  married  Hazrat Ali RA  ( 4th Rashidun Caliphs) in 2 AH She had  2 sons and 2 daughters:  Imam Hussain Imam Hassan Zaynab  Umm Kulthum

Explanation Battle of Tabuk was the last battle which took place 9th Hijri 630 ad . ********* VU FIA UDC CONSTABLE PAST PAPER 31-12-2021 Explanation Riyadh is capital of Saudi Arabia. ********* VU FIA ASSISTANT PAST PAPER 01-01-2022 Explanation Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam that should be performed by Muslims at least  once in a lifetime. It is an obligatory upon Muslims who  meet certain requirements  to be obliged to perform Hajj.  ************* FIA CBT VU PAPER 22-12-2021 Explanation Umar was the second muslim Caliph and reigned during 634 to 644 CE . THE REFORMS OF UMAR'S ERA. Umar undertook many administrative reforms and closely oversaw public policy, establishing an advanced administration for newly conquered lands, including several new ministries and bureaucracies, as well as ordering a census of all the Muslim territories . During his reign, the garrison cities of Basrah and al-Kūfah were founded or expanded. In 638, he extended and renovated the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina. He also began the process of codifying Islamic law. ********** VU CBT FIA PAPER 25-12-2021 Explanation According to some sources, Ismail (A.S.) lived in Makkah till his death . Ismail (A.S.), according to different sources, buried alongside his mother Hajar in near Kabaa in Masjid Al-Haram. *** "Hazrat Ismail (A.S) Was Son Of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) & Hazrat Hajra (A.S). The incident of Hazrat Ibrahim (Alaihis Salaam) sacrificing his son Hazrat Ismail (A.S) for the pleasure of Allah Ta'ala is well-known." ************ FIA CBT VU PAPER 17-12-2021 Explanation Before advent of Islam, the calendar year in Arabia was: Anno Domini Islamic Calendar starts from: Hijri Islamic calendar established by: Hazrat Umar (R.A) Explanation On 19 December 2021, an OIC s ession was held in Islamabad , to set up a Humanitarian Trust Fund and Food Security Programme to deal with the rapidly aggravating crisis. List of Summits Number Date Country Place 1st 22–25 September 1969   Morocco Rabat 2nd 22–24 February 1974   Pakistan Lahore 3rd 25–29 January 1981   Saudi Arabia Mecca  &  Ta’if 4th 16–19 January 1984   Morocco Casablanca 5th 26–29 January 1987   Kuwait Kuwait City 6th 9–11 December 1991   Senegal Dakar 7th 13–15 December 1994   Morocco Casablanca 1st Extraordinary 23–24 March 1997   Pakistan Islamabad 8th 9–11 December 1997   Iran Tehran 9th 12–13 November 2000   Qatar Doha 2nd Extraordinary 4–5 March 2003   Qatar Doha 10th 16–17 October 2003   Malaysia Putrajaya 3rd Extraordinary 7–8 December 2005   Saudi Arabia Mecca 11th 13–14 March 2008   Senegal Dakar 4th Extraordinary 14–15 August 2012   Saudi Arabia Mecca 12th 6–7 February 2013   Egypt Cairo 5th Extraordinary 6–7 March 2016   Indonesia Jakarta 13th 14–15 April 2016   Turkey Istanbul 6th Extraordinary 13 December 2017   Turkey Istanbul 7th Extraordinary 18 May 2018   Turkey Istanbul 14th 31 May 2019   Saudi Arabia Mecca 8th Extraordinary 19 December 2021   Pakistan Islamabad 48th session of the Council of Foreign Ministers 22 March 2022   Pakistan Islamabad Explanation Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan declared Istanbul’s Hagia Sophia  open to Muslim worship on July 10, 2020. officially the Hagia Sophia Mosque is a mosque and a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. Beginning date :  346 Completion date : 360 Dedicated date : 15 February 360 Restored date : 415  23 February 532–27 February 537 1847–1849 2002–2006 *** Dedicated to : The Holy Wisdom, a reference to the second person of the Trinity,  ND06-08-2023 Explanation Hazrat Bibi Fatima  was  born  in Makkah on the  2 0th  of Jumada al-Thaniya 18 B.H. She is  4th daughter  and 5th child of  Hazrat Muhammad and Hazrat Khadija (RA) Title  of Bibi Fatima is:  Tahira, Zahra, Umm Abiha, Sayyidatu nisa-alamin and al-Batul She  married  Hazrat Ali RA  ( 4th Rashidun Caliphs) in 2 AH She had  2 sons and 2 daughters:  Imam Hussain Imam Hassan Zaynab  Umm Kulthum She  died  in Madina on  11/632  She was  buried  in  Jannat-ul-Baqi Explanation Fatima (RA)  was  buried  in  Jannat-ul-Baqi Fatima died in 11/632, within  six months of Muhammad's death. She is  4th daughter  and 5th child of  Hazrat Muhammad and Hazrat Khadija (RA) She was  born  in Makkah on the  2 0th  of Jumada al-Thaniya 18 B.H. Title  of Bibi Fatima is:  Tahira, Zahra, Umm Abiha, Sayyidatu nisa-alamin and al-Batul She  married  Hazrat Ali RA  ( 4th Rashidun Caliphs) in 2 AH She had  2 sons and 2 daughters:  Imam Hussain Imam Hassan Zaynab  Umm Kulthum

Explanation Battle of Tabuk was the last battle which took place 9th Hijri 630 ad . ********* VU FIA UDC CONSTABLE PAST PAPER 31-12-2021 Explanation Riyadh is capital of Saudi Arabia. ********* VU FIA ASSISTANT PAST PAPER 01-01-2022 Explanation Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam that should be performed by Muslims at least  once in a lifetime. It is an obligatory upon Muslims who  meet certain requirements  to be obliged to perform Hajj.  ************* FIA CBT VU PAPER 22-12-2021 Explanation Umar was the second muslim Caliph and reigned during 634 to 644 CE . THE REFORMS OF UMAR'S ERA. Umar undertook many administrative reforms and closely oversaw public policy, establishing an advanced administration for newly conquered lands, including several new ministries and bureaucracies, as well as ordering a census of all the Muslim territories . During his reign, the garrison cities of Basrah and al-Kūfah were founded or expanded. In 638, he extended and renovated the Grand Mosque in Mecca and the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina. He also began the process of codifying Islamic law. ********** VU CBT FIA PAPER 25-12-2021 Explanation According to some sources, Ismail (A.S.) lived in Makkah till his death . Ismail (A.S.), according to different sources, buried alongside his mother Hajar in near Kabaa in Masjid Al-Haram. *** "Hazrat Ismail (A.S) Was Son Of Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S) & Hazrat Hajra (A.S). The incident of Hazrat Ibrahim (Alaihis Salaam) sacrificing his son Hazrat Ismail (A.S) for the pleasure of Allah Ta'ala is well-known." ************ FIA CBT VU PAPER 17-12-2021 Explanation Before advent of Islam, the calendar year in Arabia was: Anno Domini Islamic Calendar starts from: Hijri Islamic calendar established by: Hazrat Umar (R.A) Explanation On 19 December 2021, an OIC s ession was held in Islamabad , to set up a Humanitarian Trust Fund and Food Security Programme to deal with the rapidly aggravating crisis. List of Summits Number Date Country Place 1st 22–25 September 1969   Morocco Rabat 2nd 22–24 February 1974   Pakistan Lahore 3rd 25–29 January 1981   Saudi Arabia Mecca  &  Ta’if 4th 16–19 January 1984   Morocco Casablanca 5th 26–29 January 1987   Kuwait Kuwait City 6th 9–11 December 1991   Senegal Dakar 7th 13–15 December 1994   Morocco Casablanca 1st Extraordinary 23–24 March 1997   Pakistan Islamabad 8th 9–11 December 1997   Iran Tehran 9th 12–13 November 2000   Qatar Doha 2nd Extraordinary 4–5 March 2003   Qatar Doha 10th 16–17 October 2003   Malaysia Putrajaya 3rd Extraordinary 7–8 December 2005   Saudi Arabia Mecca 11th 13–14 March 2008   Senegal Dakar 4th Extraordinary 14–15 August 2012   Saudi Arabia Mecca 12th 6–7 February 2013   Egypt Cairo 5th Extraordinary 6–7 March 2016   Indonesia Jakarta 13th 14–15 April 2016   Turkey Istanbul 6th Extraordinary 13 December 2017   Turkey Istanbul 7th Extraordinary 18 May 2018   Turkey Istanbul 14th 31 May 2019   Saudi Arabia Mecca 8th Extraordinary 19 December 2021   Pakistan Islamabad 48th session of the Council of Foreign Ministers 22 March 2022   Pakistan Islamabad Explanation Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan declared Istanbul’s Hagia Sophia  open to Muslim worship on July 10, 2020. officially the Hagia Sophia Mosque is a mosque and a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. Beginning date :  346 Completion date : 360 Dedicated date : 15 February 360 Restored date : 415  23 February 532–27 February 537 1847–1849 2002–2006 *** Dedicated to : The Holy Wisdom, a reference to the second person of the Trinity,  ND06-08-2023 Explanation Hazrat Bibi Fatima  was  born  in Makkah on the  2 0th  of Jumada al-Thaniya 18 B.H. She is  4th daughter  and 5th child of  Hazrat Muhammad and Hazrat Khadija (RA) Title  of Bibi Fatima is:  Tahira, Zahra, Umm Abiha, Sayyidatu nisa-alamin and al-Batul She  married  Hazrat Ali RA  ( 4th Rashidun Caliphs) in 2 AH She had  2 sons and 2 daughters:  Imam Hussain Imam Hassan Zaynab  Umm Kulthum She  died  in Madina on  11/632  She was  buried  in  Jannat-ul-Baqi Explanation Fatima (RA)  was  buried  in  Jannat-ul-Baqi Fatima died in 11/632, within  six months of Muhammad's death. She is  4th daughter  and 5th child of  Hazrat Muhammad and Hazrat Khadija (RA) She was  born  in Makkah on the  2 0th  of Jumada al-Thaniya 18 B.H. Title  of Bibi Fatima is:  Tahira, Zahra, Umm Abiha, Sayyidatu nisa-alamin and al-Batul She  married  Hazrat Ali RA  ( 4th Rashidun Caliphs) in 2 AH She had  2 sons and 2 daughters:  Imam Hussain Imam Hassan Zaynab  Umm Kulthum

Explanation Battle of Tabuk was the last battle which took place 9th Hijri 630 ad . ********* VU FIA UDC CONSTABLE PAST PAPER 31-12-2021

Explanation ISA stands for International Solar Alliance.

Explanation WPA is used for the security of Wi-Fi.

Explanation NAB Ordinance,promulgated on 17 Nov, 1999 Explanation Kirshna Kumar i first Hindu Women in Senate Electio. S he won election from Sindh Party: Pakistan Peoples Party Who becomes first Pakistani Sikh to wins Senate election from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa? Gurdeep Singh from KPK Explanation The inner layer is the retina, which lines the back two-thirds of the eyeball . Explanation Dynamite was invented by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel in the 1860s . Alfred Nobel the first safely manageable explosive stronger than black powder. Explanation ریمنڈ ڈیوس نے 27 جنوری 2011 کو دو پاکستانی شہریوں کو لاہور میں قتل کیا تھا۔ Explanation ISA stands for International Solar Alliance. Explanation Carbon dioxide gas gives the beverage its sparkle and tangy taste and prevents spoilage. Explanation Answer: C Grain temperature is the most important regulated factor  in grain storage. Temperatures below 65 ° C are detrimental to the growth of insects and mold. If ventilation does not cool the grain  in the fall, the temperature of the grain will remain suitable for insect development all year round. Explanation Answer: D Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a catastrophic disease of livestock caused by the picornavirus . There are seven serotypes of the virus. All kinds of ungulates are vulnerable. Explanation Answer" D Reserpine derived from the plant 'serpentine' is used to alleviate high blood pressure.

Explanation NAB Ordinance,promulgated on 17 Nov, 1999 Explanation Kirshna Kumar i first Hindu Women in Senate Electio. S he won election from Sindh Party: Pakistan Peoples Party Who becomes first Pakistani Sikh to wins Senate election from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa? Gurdeep Singh from KPK Explanation The inner layer is the retina, which lines the back two-thirds of the eyeball . Explanation Dynamite was invented by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel in the 1860s . Alfred Nobel the first safely manageable explosive stronger than black powder. Explanation ریمنڈ ڈیوس نے 27 جنوری 2011 کو دو پاکستانی شہریوں کو لاہور میں قتل کیا تھا۔ Explanation ISA stands for International Solar Alliance. Explanation Carbon dioxide gas gives the beverage its sparkle and tangy taste and prevents spoilage. Explanation Answer: C Grain temperature is the most important regulated factor  in grain storage. Temperatures below 65 ° C are detrimental to the growth of insects and mold. If ventilation does not cool the grain  in the fall, the temperature of the grain will remain suitable for insect development all year round. Explanation Answer: D Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a catastrophic disease of livestock caused by the picornavirus . There are seven serotypes of the virus. All kinds of ungulates are vulnerable. Explanation Answer" D Reserpine derived from the plant 'serpentine' is used to alleviate high blood pressure.

Explanation NAB Ordinance,promulgated on 17 Nov, 1999 Explanation Kirshna Kumar i first Hindu Women in Senate Electio. S he won election from Sindh Party: Pakistan Peoples Party Who becomes first Pakistani Sikh to wins Senate election from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa? Gurdeep Singh from KPK Explanation The inner layer is the retina, which lines the back two-thirds of the eyeball . Explanation Dynamite was invented by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel in the 1860s . Alfred Nobel the first safely manageable explosive stronger than black powder. Explanation ریمنڈ ڈیوس نے 27 جنوری 2011 کو دو پاکستانی شہریوں کو لاہور میں قتل کیا تھا۔ Explanation ISA stands for International Solar Alliance. Explanation Carbon dioxide gas gives the beverage its sparkle and tangy taste and prevents spoilage. Explanation Answer: C Grain temperature is the most important regulated factor  in grain storage. Temperatures below 65 ° C are detrimental to the growth of insects and mold. If ventilation does not cool the grain  in the fall, the temperature of the grain will remain suitable for insect development all year round. Explanation Answer: D Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a catastrophic disease of livestock caused by the picornavirus . There are seven serotypes of the virus. All kinds of ungulates are vulnerable. Explanation Answer" D Reserpine derived from the plant 'serpentine' is used to alleviate high blood pressure.