Explanation ND16-3-2023 Explanation Hazrat Zainab (RA) was the  5th  wife   of  Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ. At the time of the  marriage , she was 30 years old. Muhammad  was 56 years old She married 3rd time to Hazrat Muhammad  She is also known  as Umm al-Masakin, "Mother of the Poor" Additional Information: Nabi e Akram (ﷺ) had  eleven (11) wives  also known as  “Azwaaj e Mutahharaat” No. Wife Name of   ﷺ Marriage Status and Age At the time of Nikkah Age of Hazrat Muhammad  ﷺ  At the time of Nikkah Narrations 1 Hazrat Khadeeja, The Daughter of Khuwaylid (RA) Widow- Age: 40 25years old - 2 Hazrat Sauda. The Daughter of Zamah(RA) Widow- Age: 50 50 years old 5 3 Hazrat Aaisha, The Daughter of Aby Bakr (RA) Single- Age: 6 53 years old                                                     2210 4 Hazrat Hafsah, The Daughter of Umar (RA) Widow- Age: 22 56 years old 60   5 Hazrat Zainab. The Daughter of Khuzaima (RA) Widow- Age: 30 56 years old - 6 Hazrat Ummme Salmah, The Daughter of Umayya (RA) Widow- Age: 26 56 years old 378 7 Hazrat Zainab. The Daughter of Jadash (RA) Divorced- Age: 36 58 years old 11 8 Huazrat Juwairiyah, The Daughter of Hazrat Huyy RA) Freed Slave- Age: 20 60 years old 7 9 Hazrat Safiyyah, The Daughter of Abu Sufyan (RA) Freed Slave- Age: 17 60 years old 10 10 Hazrat Umme Habibah, The Daughter of Abu Sufyan (RA) Widow – Age: 36 60 years old 65 11 Hazrat Maimunah. The Daughter of Harith (RA) Divorced- Age: 36 60 years old 76 Explanation Dayanand Saraswati  was an Indian philosopher, social leader and founder of the Arya Samaj. Arya Samaj  founded in  1875 Explanation The Ottomans crossed into Europe in 1354 The Ottoman Empire was one of the mightiest and longest-lasting dynasties in world history. This Islamic-run superpower ruled large areas of the Middle East, Eastern Europe and North Africa f or more than 600 years. Explanation About  Asian Games Held: every  four  years Abbreviation:  Asiad Motto: Ever Onward First  event:  1951  ( India )  Hockey introduced:  1958 Explanation The Silk Route is also known as Karakoram Highway 887 KM is the length of the silk highway route in Pakistan. The silk road connects Pakistan and China. The total length is approximately 1,300 kilometers, of which 887 kilometer s are in Pakistan and 4 13 km in China. The silk road is considered a symbol of Pakistan-China's eternal friendship The highway meets the Pakistani-Chinese border at  Khunjerab Pass   It was started in  1959  and was  completed  and opened to the public in  1979 . Karakorum Highway  is  located  in the Karakoram range Karakorum highway in Pakistan starts from   Hassan Abdal Karakorum highway is  also called N-35 **** ND23-2-2023 Explanation   Karachi is the most populous city i n Pakistan Lahore is the second most populous city in Pakistan and the most populous city of Punjab. Punjab  is the  most populous province  of Pakistan, containing more than  half the country’s   total population  as well as several of its major cities:   Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multān, and Gujranwala. ** IMPORTANT QUESTION RELATED TO "PUNJAB" The  area of Punjab  is____ Square kilometers. 205,345 The Area of Punjab is____ percent of the total area of Pakistan. 26%    ( 25.8%) The  population of Punjab  is____ percent of the total population of Pakistan. 56%  ( about 110,012,442 as of 2017) Punjab is the ____ area-wise? Second largest There are  ____districts  in Punjab. 36 There are  ____Divisions  in Punjab. 09 Punjab occupies the  ____part  of Pakistan. Northeastern Which is the  most populous city  of Punjab? Lahore **** ND 19-3-2023 Explanation Cyclones mean  ایک  قسم  کا  طوفان  large system of wind  ہوا کا بڑا نظام **** the term cyclone is defined as. A system of winds that are rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure ND16-3-2023 Explanation The Bab-el-Mandeb ' Gate of Lamentation ' or the Gate of Grief the Bab al-Mandab strait  is a strait between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. The Bab-el-Mandeb is also a sub-region in the Arab League , which includes Djibouti, Yemen, and Eritrea. ND16-3-2023 Explanation The Cybercrime act was passed in Pakistan on August 2016 Pakistan Lower House, the National Assembl y, passed a controversial cybercrime law called the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016 ND16-3-2023

Explanation Explanation Explanation Skardu is a city in Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, and serves as the capital of Skardu District. Explanation USA has recently stopped its 12 Million USD, funding to WWF in 2020 Reasons: The US will no longer fund eco-guards, law enforcement or “ activities related to relocating communities, voluntarily or involuntarily .” History The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization. founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment . Explanation Travel and Tourism Development Index   2024  is released by  World Economic Forum. Travel and Tourism Development Index 2024 is topped by the  USA . Pakistan rank:  101 *** Explanation United Nations was established on October 24, 1945. Headquarters located in New York. Starting out with 51 original members, there are now 193, with South Sudan the latest  to join in 2011. Pakistan joined UNO on September 30, 1947. Explanation According to WHO, the number of deaths is higher in developing countries, including Pakistan. With about one in nine women in Pakistan suffering from the disease, a conservative estimate holds that around 40,000 of them die of it every year — the highest mortality rate in Asia. Theme 2020: Give hope, save life Explanation Fur means بال یا پشم  Explanation Explanation The  Nobel Prize  in  Physics  for the  year 2020  was awarded to three astrophysicists  Roger Penrose  from the  UK ,  Reinhard Genzel  from  Germany , and  Andrea Ghez  from the  USA . The Nobel Prize in Physics  2020  was awarded “ for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity ”, *******

Explanation ND16-3-2023 Explanation Hazrat Zainab (RA) was the  5th  wife   of  Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ. At the time of the  marriage , she was 30 years old. Muhammad  was 56 years old She married 3rd time to Hazrat Muhammad  She is also known  as Umm al-Masakin, "Mother of the Poor" Additional Information: Nabi e Akram (ﷺ) had  eleven (11) wives  also known as  “Azwaaj e Mutahharaat” No. Wife Name of   ﷺ Marriage Status and Age At the time of Nikkah Age of Hazrat Muhammad  ﷺ  At the time of Nikkah Narrations 1 Hazrat Khadeeja, The Daughter of Khuwaylid (RA) Widow- Age: 40 25years old - 2 Hazrat Sauda. The Daughter of Zamah(RA) Widow- Age: 50 50 years old 5 3 Hazrat Aaisha, The Daughter of Aby Bakr (RA) Single- Age: 6 53 years old                                                     2210 4 Hazrat Hafsah, The Daughter of Umar (RA) Widow- Age: 22 56 years old 60   5 Hazrat Zainab. The Daughter of Khuzaima (RA) Widow- Age: 30 56 years old - 6 Hazrat Ummme Salmah, The Daughter of Umayya (RA) Widow- Age: 26 56 years old 378 7 Hazrat Zainab. The Daughter of Jadash (RA) Divorced- Age: 36 58 years old 11 8 Huazrat Juwairiyah, The Daughter of Hazrat Huyy RA) Freed Slave- Age: 20 60 years old 7 9 Hazrat Safiyyah, The Daughter of Abu Sufyan (RA) Freed Slave- Age: 17 60 years old 10 10 Hazrat Umme Habibah, The Daughter of Abu Sufyan (RA) Widow – Age: 36 60 years old 65 11 Hazrat Maimunah. The Daughter of Harith (RA) Divorced- Age: 36 60 years old 76 Explanation Dayanand Saraswati  was an Indian philosopher, social leader and founder of the Arya Samaj. Arya Samaj  founded in  1875 Explanation The Ottomans crossed into Europe in 1354 The Ottoman Empire was one of the mightiest and longest-lasting dynasties in world history. This Islamic-run superpower ruled large areas of the Middle East, Eastern Europe and North Africa f or more than 600 years. Explanation About  Asian Games Held: every  four  years Abbreviation:  Asiad Motto: Ever Onward First  event:  1951  ( India )  Hockey introduced:  1958 Explanation The Silk Route is also known as Karakoram Highway 887 KM is the length of the silk highway route in Pakistan. The silk road connects Pakistan and China. The total length is approximately 1,300 kilometers, of which 887 kilometer s are in Pakistan and 4 13 km in China. The silk road is considered a symbol of Pakistan-China's eternal friendship The highway meets the Pakistani-Chinese border at  Khunjerab Pass   It was started in  1959  and was  completed  and opened to the public in  1979 . Karakorum Highway  is  located  in the Karakoram range Karakorum highway in Pakistan starts from   Hassan Abdal Karakorum highway is  also called N-35 **** ND23-2-2023 Explanation   Karachi is the most populous city i n Pakistan Lahore is the second most populous city in Pakistan and the most populous city of Punjab. Punjab  is the  most populous province  of Pakistan, containing more than  half the country’s   total population  as well as several of its major cities:   Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multān, and Gujranwala. ** IMPORTANT QUESTION RELATED TO "PUNJAB" The  area of Punjab  is____ Square kilometers. 205,345 The Area of Punjab is____ percent of the total area of Pakistan. 26%    ( 25.8%) The  population of Punjab  is____ percent of the total population of Pakistan. 56%  ( about 110,012,442 as of 2017) Punjab is the ____ area-wise? Second largest There are  ____districts  in Punjab. 36 There are  ____Divisions  in Punjab. 09 Punjab occupies the  ____part  of Pakistan. Northeastern Which is the  most populous city  of Punjab? Lahore **** ND 19-3-2023 Explanation Cyclones mean  ایک  قسم  کا  طوفان  large system of wind  ہوا کا بڑا نظام **** the term cyclone is defined as. A system of winds that are rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure ND16-3-2023 Explanation The Bab-el-Mandeb ' Gate of Lamentation ' or the Gate of Grief the Bab al-Mandab strait  is a strait between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. The Bab-el-Mandeb is also a sub-region in the Arab League , which includes Djibouti, Yemen, and Eritrea. ND16-3-2023 Explanation The Cybercrime act was passed in Pakistan on August 2016 Pakistan Lower House, the National Assembl y, passed a controversial cybercrime law called the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016 ND16-3-2023

Explanation Explanation Explanation Skardu is a city in Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, and serves as the capital of Skardu District. Explanation USA has recently stopped its 12 Million USD, funding to WWF in 2020 Reasons: The US will no longer fund eco-guards, law enforcement or “ activities related to relocating communities, voluntarily or involuntarily .” History The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization. founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment . Explanation Travel and Tourism Development Index   2024  is released by  World Economic Forum. Travel and Tourism Development Index 2024 is topped by the  USA . Pakistan rank:  101 *** Explanation United Nations was established on October 24, 1945. Headquarters located in New York. Starting out with 51 original members, there are now 193, with South Sudan the latest  to join in 2011. Pakistan joined UNO on September 30, 1947. Explanation According to WHO, the number of deaths is higher in developing countries, including Pakistan. With about one in nine women in Pakistan suffering from the disease, a conservative estimate holds that around 40,000 of them die of it every year — the highest mortality rate in Asia. Theme 2020: Give hope, save life Explanation Fur means بال یا پشم  Explanation Explanation The  Nobel Prize  in  Physics  for the  year 2020  was awarded to three astrophysicists  Roger Penrose  from the  UK ,  Reinhard Genzel  from  Germany , and  Andrea Ghez  from the  USA . The Nobel Prize in Physics  2020  was awarded “ for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity ”, *******

Explanation ND16-3-2023 Explanation Hazrat Zainab (RA) was the  5th  wife   of  Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ. At the time of the  marriage , she was 30 years old. Muhammad  was 56 years old She married 3rd time to Hazrat Muhammad  She is also known  as Umm al-Masakin, "Mother of the Poor" Additional Information: Nabi e Akram (ﷺ) had  eleven (11) wives  also known as  “Azwaaj e Mutahharaat” No. Wife Name of   ﷺ Marriage Status and Age At the time of Nikkah Age of Hazrat Muhammad  ﷺ  At the time of Nikkah Narrations 1 Hazrat Khadeeja, The Daughter of Khuwaylid (RA) Widow- Age: 40 25years old - 2 Hazrat Sauda. The Daughter of Zamah(RA) Widow- Age: 50 50 years old 5 3 Hazrat Aaisha, The Daughter of Aby Bakr (RA) Single- Age: 6 53 years old                                                     2210 4 Hazrat Hafsah, The Daughter of Umar (RA) Widow- Age: 22 56 years old 60   5 Hazrat Zainab. The Daughter of Khuzaima (RA) Widow- Age: 30 56 years old - 6 Hazrat Ummme Salmah, The Daughter of Umayya (RA) Widow- Age: 26 56 years old 378 7 Hazrat Zainab. The Daughter of Jadash (RA) Divorced- Age: 36 58 years old 11 8 Huazrat Juwairiyah, The Daughter of Hazrat Huyy RA) Freed Slave- Age: 20 60 years old 7 9 Hazrat Safiyyah, The Daughter of Abu Sufyan (RA) Freed Slave- Age: 17 60 years old 10 10 Hazrat Umme Habibah, The Daughter of Abu Sufyan (RA) Widow – Age: 36 60 years old 65 11 Hazrat Maimunah. The Daughter of Harith (RA) Divorced- Age: 36 60 years old 76 Explanation Dayanand Saraswati  was an Indian philosopher, social leader and founder of the Arya Samaj. Arya Samaj  founded in  1875 Explanation The Ottomans crossed into Europe in 1354 The Ottoman Empire was one of the mightiest and longest-lasting dynasties in world history. This Islamic-run superpower ruled large areas of the Middle East, Eastern Europe and North Africa f or more than 600 years. Explanation About  Asian Games Held: every  four  years Abbreviation:  Asiad Motto: Ever Onward First  event:  1951  ( India )  Hockey introduced:  1958 Explanation The Silk Route is also known as Karakoram Highway 887 KM is the length of the silk highway route in Pakistan. The silk road connects Pakistan and China. The total length is approximately 1,300 kilometers, of which 887 kilometer s are in Pakistan and 4 13 km in China. The silk road is considered a symbol of Pakistan-China's eternal friendship The highway meets the Pakistani-Chinese border at  Khunjerab Pass   It was started in  1959  and was  completed  and opened to the public in  1979 . Karakorum Highway  is  located  in the Karakoram range Karakorum highway in Pakistan starts from   Hassan Abdal Karakorum highway is  also called N-35 **** ND23-2-2023 Explanation   Karachi is the most populous city i n Pakistan Lahore is the second most populous city in Pakistan and the most populous city of Punjab. Punjab  is the  most populous province  of Pakistan, containing more than  half the country’s   total population  as well as several of its major cities:   Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multān, and Gujranwala. ** IMPORTANT QUESTION RELATED TO "PUNJAB" The  area of Punjab  is____ Square kilometers. 205,345 The Area of Punjab is____ percent of the total area of Pakistan. 26%    ( 25.8%) The  population of Punjab  is____ percent of the total population of Pakistan. 56%  ( about 110,012,442 as of 2017) Punjab is the ____ area-wise? Second largest There are  ____districts  in Punjab. 36 There are  ____Divisions  in Punjab. 09 Punjab occupies the  ____part  of Pakistan. Northeastern Which is the  most populous city  of Punjab? Lahore **** ND 19-3-2023 Explanation Cyclones mean  ایک  قسم  کا  طوفان  large system of wind  ہوا کا بڑا نظام **** the term cyclone is defined as. A system of winds that are rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure ND16-3-2023 Explanation The Bab-el-Mandeb ' Gate of Lamentation ' or the Gate of Grief the Bab al-Mandab strait  is a strait between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Djibouti and Eritrea in the Horn of Africa. connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. The Bab-el-Mandeb is also a sub-region in the Arab League , which includes Djibouti, Yemen, and Eritrea. ND16-3-2023 Explanation The Cybercrime act was passed in Pakistan on August 2016 Pakistan Lower House, the National Assembl y, passed a controversial cybercrime law called the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016 ND16-3-2023

Explanation Explanation Explanation Skardu is a city in Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, and serves as the capital of Skardu District. Explanation USA has recently stopped its 12 Million USD, funding to WWF in 2020 Reasons: The US will no longer fund eco-guards, law enforcement or “ activities related to relocating communities, voluntarily or involuntarily .” History The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization. founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment . Explanation Travel and Tourism Development Index   2024  is released by  World Economic Forum. Travel and Tourism Development Index 2024 is topped by the  USA . Pakistan rank:  101 *** Explanation United Nations was established on October 24, 1945. Headquarters located in New York. Starting out with 51 original members, there are now 193, with South Sudan the latest  to join in 2011. Pakistan joined UNO on September 30, 1947. Explanation According to WHO, the number of deaths is higher in developing countries, including Pakistan. With about one in nine women in Pakistan suffering from the disease, a conservative estimate holds that around 40,000 of them die of it every year — the highest mortality rate in Asia. Theme 2020: Give hope, save life Explanation Fur means بال یا پشم  Explanation Explanation The  Nobel Prize  in  Physics  for the  year 2020  was awarded to three astrophysicists  Roger Penrose  from the  UK ,  Reinhard Genzel  from  Germany , and  Andrea Ghez  from the  USA . The Nobel Prize in Physics  2020  was awarded “ for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity ”, *******

Explanation Active voice: " Did you catch the fly? " (past simple, interrogative) Passive voice: Start with " Was " (since " fly " is singular and past tense is used) " catch " → " caught " (past participle) Subject " you " comes after " by " Correct passive voice: Was the fly caught by you? Explanation Negative imperative sentence → passive voice starts with "Let... not be + past participle" " Do not pay " → "Let... not be paid" Object " him " becomes the subject in passive. Correct passive voice: Let him not be paid anything. Explanation Imperative sentence → passive voice starts with " Let " Base verb " strike off " → past participle is " struck off " Structure : Let + object + be + past participle Correct passive voice: Let his name be struck off. Explanation Tense : Future simple (will buy) Passive structure : will be + past participle " buy " → bought (past participle) Subject " he " → him Reflexive pronoun remains: for himself Correct passive voice: A ticket will be bought by him for himself. Explanation Tense : Present simple (They buy) Passive structure : Object + is/are + past participle + by + subject " Flowers " is plural → use " are " Past participle of buy is bought Correct passive voice: Beautiful flowers are bought by them. Explanation This is an interrogative sentence (yes/no question). " Did you see " → "I had seen" (past simple → past perfect) " my " → "her" " this room " → "that room" " said to " → "asked" We can use " if " or " whether " in indirect questions. So both are correct : She asked me whether I had seen her daughter in that room. She asked me if I had seen her daughter in that room. Explanation The sentence expresses a wish or prayer , so in indirect narration we use " prayed ". Changes: " May " → "might" " here " → "there" So, the correct indirect narration is: They prayed that train might reach there in time. Explanation This is a question sentence in indirect narration. Changes : " said to " → " asked " " were you sitting " → " they had been sitting " (past continuous → past perfect continuous) " here " → " there " So, the correct narration is: He asked them why they had been sitting there. Explanation Direct speech: " I broke my pencil today ." Changes in indirect speech: " I " → "she" " broke " (past) → "had broken" (past perfect) " my " → "her" " today " → "that day" So, the correct indirect narration is: She said to him that she had broken her pencil that day. Explanation Direct speech : " You are my best friend. " Indirect speech : Pronouns and tense change: " You " → " I " " are " (present) → " was " (past) " my " → " his " So the correct narration is: He said that I was his best friend.

Explanation Active voice: " Did you catch the fly? " (past simple, interrogative) Passive voice: Start with " Was " (since " fly " is singular and past tense is used) " catch " → " caught " (past participle) Subject " you " comes after " by " Correct passive voice: Was the fly caught by you? Explanation Negative imperative sentence → passive voice starts with "Let... not be + past participle" " Do not pay " → "Let... not be paid" Object " him " becomes the subject in passive. Correct passive voice: Let him not be paid anything. Explanation Imperative sentence → passive voice starts with " Let " Base verb " strike off " → past participle is " struck off " Structure : Let + object + be + past participle Correct passive voice: Let his name be struck off. Explanation Tense : Future simple (will buy) Passive structure : will be + past participle " buy " → bought (past participle) Subject " he " → him Reflexive pronoun remains: for himself Correct passive voice: A ticket will be bought by him for himself. Explanation Tense : Present simple (They buy) Passive structure : Object + is/are + past participle + by + subject " Flowers " is plural → use " are " Past participle of buy is bought Correct passive voice: Beautiful flowers are bought by them. Explanation This is an interrogative sentence (yes/no question). " Did you see " → "I had seen" (past simple → past perfect) " my " → "her" " this room " → "that room" " said to " → "asked" We can use " if " or " whether " in indirect questions. So both are correct : She asked me whether I had seen her daughter in that room. She asked me if I had seen her daughter in that room. Explanation The sentence expresses a wish or prayer , so in indirect narration we use " prayed ". Changes: " May " → "might" " here " → "there" So, the correct indirect narration is: They prayed that train might reach there in time. Explanation This is a question sentence in indirect narration. Changes : " said to " → " asked " " were you sitting " → " they had been sitting " (past continuous → past perfect continuous) " here " → " there " So, the correct narration is: He asked them why they had been sitting there. Explanation Direct speech: " I broke my pencil today ." Changes in indirect speech: " I " → "she" " broke " (past) → "had broken" (past perfect) " my " → "her" " today " → "that day" So, the correct indirect narration is: She said to him that she had broken her pencil that day. Explanation Direct speech : " You are my best friend. " Indirect speech : Pronouns and tense change: " You " → " I " " are " (present) → " was " (past) " my " → " his " So the correct narration is: He said that I was his best friend.

Explanation Active voice: " Did you catch the fly? " (past simple, interrogative) Passive voice: Start with " Was " (since " fly " is singular and past tense is used) " catch " → " caught " (past participle) Subject " you " comes after " by " Correct passive voice: Was the fly caught by you? Explanation Negative imperative sentence → passive voice starts with "Let... not be + past participle" " Do not pay " → "Let... not be paid" Object " him " becomes the subject in passive. Correct passive voice: Let him not be paid anything. Explanation Imperative sentence → passive voice starts with " Let " Base verb " strike off " → past participle is " struck off " Structure : Let + object + be + past participle Correct passive voice: Let his name be struck off. Explanation Tense : Future simple (will buy) Passive structure : will be + past participle " buy " → bought (past participle) Subject " he " → him Reflexive pronoun remains: for himself Correct passive voice: A ticket will be bought by him for himself. Explanation Tense : Present simple (They buy) Passive structure : Object + is/are + past participle + by + subject " Flowers " is plural → use " are " Past participle of buy is bought Correct passive voice: Beautiful flowers are bought by them. Explanation This is an interrogative sentence (yes/no question). " Did you see " → "I had seen" (past simple → past perfect) " my " → "her" " this room " → "that room" " said to " → "asked" We can use " if " or " whether " in indirect questions. So both are correct : She asked me whether I had seen her daughter in that room. She asked me if I had seen her daughter in that room. Explanation The sentence expresses a wish or prayer , so in indirect narration we use " prayed ". Changes: " May " → "might" " here " → "there" So, the correct indirect narration is: They prayed that train might reach there in time. Explanation This is a question sentence in indirect narration. Changes : " said to " → " asked " " were you sitting " → " they had been sitting " (past continuous → past perfect continuous) " here " → " there " So, the correct narration is: He asked them why they had been sitting there. Explanation Direct speech: " I broke my pencil today ." Changes in indirect speech: " I " → "she" " broke " (past) → "had broken" (past perfect) " my " → "her" " today " → "that day" So, the correct indirect narration is: She said to him that she had broken her pencil that day. Explanation Direct speech : " You are my best friend. " Indirect speech : Pronouns and tense change: " You " → " I " " are " (present) → " was " (past) " my " → " his " So the correct narration is: He said that I was his best friend.

Explanation Active voice: " Did you catch the fly? " (past simple, interrogative) Passive voice: Start with " Was " (since " fly " is singular and past tense is used) " catch " → " caught " (past participle) Subject " you " comes after " by " Correct passive voice: Was the fly caught by you?