Subject: PPSC Assistant Past Papers PDF

Explanation
Svedberg (Sv): A unit measuring the sedimentation coefficient (how fast particles settle in a centrifuge). Used in ultracentrifugation to study macromolecules (e.g., proteins, ribosomes). 1 Sv = 10⁻¹³ seconds.

Explanation
The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, marked the end of  two major conflicts : The  Thirty Years' War  ( 1618–1648 ) in the Holy Roman Empire, involved various  European powers, including Germany. The Eighty Years' War (1 568–1648 ) between Spain and the  Dutch Republic, resulted in Dutch independence from Spanish rule.

Explanation
The man who built the first Mechanical Calculator was Blaise Pascal . Pascal's calculator is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century. Mathematician Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623 , in Clermont-Ferrand, France. In the 1640s he invented the Pascaline , an early calculator , and further validated Evangelista Torricelli's theory concerning the cause of barometrical variations. In 1642 , at the age of 18 , Pascal invented and build the first digital calculator as a means of helping his father perform tedious tax accounting. The device was called Pascal's calculator or the Pascaline or the Arithmetique .

Explanation
72 beats per minute is a good heart rate. Complete answer: The resting person usually has a pulse rate between 70 (beats per minute) and 80 (beats per minute). Your risk of dying from a heart attack is lower if your heart rate is below 80 beats per minute. A normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Explanation
Trees as Environmental Buffers : Climate Regulation : Absorb CO₂, release O₂, and moderate temperatures. Soil Protection : Prevent erosion and maintain soil health. Water Cycle : Help in groundwater recharge and reduce flooding.

Explanation
The main idea of the solar system was proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). who said that "the Sun is the centre of the Universe " and made the planets move around it in perfect circles (in his book entitled, "On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres", written in Latin and published in 1543)

Explanation
The Punjab School Education Department (SED) on December 7, 2022 inaugurated first transgender school in Lahore to educate and teach skills to transpersons.

Explanation
The Treaty of Sèvres was signed on August 10, 1920, in Sevres, France. It was a 1920 treaty signed between the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire.  The treaty ceded large parts of Ottoman territory to: France the United Kingdom Greece and Italy The 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, which superseded the Treaty of Sèvres, ended the conflict and saw the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.

Explanation
The battle of Trench was fought in fifth Hijr i The Battle of the Trench, also known as the Battle of Khandaq and the Battle of the Confederates.  It is 27-day -long defense . Muslims of Yathrib from Arab and Jewish tribes.

Explanation
Greece   Capital  is  Athens . Greece   Currency  is  Euro . The  Greek drachma  was the  basic unit  of  currency  in Greece until  2001 when it was  replaced  by the  euro . Greece   official language  is  Greek . Greece is  famous  for its Olive trees Greece  located is in  Continent   Europe . Greece  Primary  Religion  is  (Christianity) Orthodoxy . Greece   Head of Govt.  is  Prime Minister –Kyriakos Mitsotakis . Greece   Parliament  called  Chamber Of Deputies . Tricks for Remember EURO  BIG -FAN-PI –SMS Mind Trick : BIG FAN of PI and wished through SMS **BIG** B-Belgium I-Ireland G-Germany **FAN** F-France A-Austria N-Netherland **PI** P-Portugal I-Italy **SMS** S-Spain M-Malta S-Solvaria      

Explanation
This Act was passed by the Punjab Assembly on 24 May 2017 Assented to by the Governor of the Punjab on 29 May 2017 And was published in the Punjab Gazette  on 31 May 2017

Explanation
Diffusion refers to the process by which molecules intermingle as a result of their kinetic energy of random motion. It is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. This is also referred to as the movement of a substance down a concentration gradient.

Explanation
The Leaning Tower of Pisa, or simply, the Tower of Pisa, of Pisa Cathedral. It is known for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation.  Height: 57 m Opened: 1372 Construction started: August 9, 1173 Architects: Diotisalvi, Guglielmo Province: Province of Pisa Materials: Marble, Rock Architectural style: Romanesque architecture

Explanation
Jizya is a poll tax historically imposed on non-Muslims in Muslim states. In India , Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the first to impose Jizya. The tax was abolished by Mughal ruler Akbar in the 16th century but reintroduced by Aurangzeb in the 17th century. Kharaj was a land tax imposed on non-Muslim cultivators and landlords.

Explanation
Rabia was born between 714 and 718 CE ( 95 and 98 Hijri) in Basra, Iraq . She belonged to the Qays tribe. She was an Arab Muslim saint, one of the earliest Sufi mystics

Explanation
Sadqain is also known as Syed Sadequain Ahmed Naqvi . He is renowned for being both a calligrapher and a painter. He is considered one of Pakistan's finest artists in Islamic calligraphy and modern painting. He is also recognized as the only artist in Pakistan to have received all four civilian awards such as" Nishan-i-Imtiaz Sitara-i-Imtiaz Tamgha-i-Imtiaz Pride of Performance

Explanation
Thomas O. Mensah is a Ghanaian-American chemical engineer and inventor. He joined Corning Glass Works in 1983 , working on fiber optics research in Sullivan Park, New York. Charles Kuen Kao is known as the "father of fiber optic communications." Shirley Ann Jackson made a breakthrough in fiber optics.

Explanation
Tahreek-e-Niswan : Founded in 1979 by Sheema Kermani , a renowned Pakistani dancer, activist, and feminist. Focuses on women’s rights, gender equality, and cultural activism through theater and grassroots campaigns.

Explanation
Bait-ul-Mal: An Islamic welfare system established during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and formalized by Caliph Umar (R.A). Sources of funds : Zakat, charity (Sadaqah), state revenue (Fay, Ghanimah). Used for : Poverty alleviation, orphans, debt relief, public infrastructure.

Explanation
Michael Phelps has won the most Olympic medals in history. He has won a total of 28 medals, 23 of which are gold , making him the most decorated Olympian of all time. Phelps is an American former competitive swimmer . ****

Explanation
Svedberg (Sv): A unit measuring the sedimentation coefficient (how fast particles settle in a centrifuge). Used in ultracentrifugation to study macromolecules (e.g., proteins, ribosomes). 1 Sv = 10⁻¹³ seconds.

Explanation
The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, marked the end of  two major conflicts : The  Thirty Years' War  ( 1618–1648 ) in the Holy Roman Empire, involved various  European powers, including Germany. The Eighty Years' War (1 568–1648 ) between Spain and the  Dutch Republic, resulted in Dutch independence from Spanish rule.

Explanation
The man who built the first Mechanical Calculator was Blaise Pascal . Pascal's calculator is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century. Mathematician Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623 , in Clermont-Ferrand, France. In the 1640s he invented the Pascaline , an early calculator , and further validated Evangelista Torricelli's theory concerning the cause of barometrical variations. In 1642 , at the age of 18 , Pascal invented and build the first digital calculator as a means of helping his father perform tedious tax accounting. The device was called Pascal's calculator or the Pascaline or the Arithmetique .

Explanation
72 beats per minute is a good heart rate. Complete answer: The resting person usually has a pulse rate between 70 (beats per minute) and 80 (beats per minute). Your risk of dying from a heart attack is lower if your heart rate is below 80 beats per minute. A normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Explanation
Trees as Environmental Buffers : Climate Regulation : Absorb CO₂, release O₂, and moderate temperatures. Soil Protection : Prevent erosion and maintain soil health. Water Cycle : Help in groundwater recharge and reduce flooding.

Explanation
The main idea of the solar system was proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). who said that "the Sun is the centre of the Universe " and made the planets move around it in perfect circles (in his book entitled, "On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres", written in Latin and published in 1543)

Explanation
The Punjab School Education Department (SED) on December 7, 2022 inaugurated first transgender school in Lahore to educate and teach skills to transpersons.

Explanation
Tahreek-e-Niswan : Founded in 1979 by Sheema Kermani , a renowned Pakistani dancer, activist, and feminist. Focuses on women’s rights, gender equality, and cultural activism through theater and grassroots campaigns.

Explanation
Bait-ul-Mal: An Islamic welfare system established during the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and formalized by Caliph Umar (R.A). Sources of funds : Zakat, charity (Sadaqah), state revenue (Fay, Ghanimah). Used for : Poverty alleviation, orphans, debt relief, public infrastructure.

Explanation
Michael Phelps has won the most Olympic medals in history. He has won a total of 28 medals, 23 of which are gold , making him the most decorated Olympian of all time. Phelps is an American former competitive swimmer . ****

Explanation
Svedberg (Sv): A unit measuring the sedimentation coefficient (how fast particles settle in a centrifuge). Used in ultracentrifugation to study macromolecules (e.g., proteins, ribosomes). 1 Sv = 10⁻¹³ seconds.

Explanation
The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, marked the end of  two major conflicts : The  Thirty Years' War  ( 1618–1648 ) in the Holy Roman Empire, involved various  European powers, including Germany. The Eighty Years' War (1 568–1648 ) between Spain and the  Dutch Republic, resulted in Dutch independence from Spanish rule.

Explanation
The man who built the first Mechanical Calculator was Blaise Pascal . Pascal's calculator is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century. Mathematician Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623 , in Clermont-Ferrand, France. In the 1640s he invented the Pascaline , an early calculator , and further validated Evangelista Torricelli's theory concerning the cause of barometrical variations. In 1642 , at the age of 18 , Pascal invented and build the first digital calculator as a means of helping his father perform tedious tax accounting. The device was called Pascal's calculator or the Pascaline or the Arithmetique .

Explanation
72 beats per minute is a good heart rate. Complete answer: The resting person usually has a pulse rate between 70 (beats per minute) and 80 (beats per minute). Your risk of dying from a heart attack is lower if your heart rate is below 80 beats per minute. A normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Explanation
Trees as Environmental Buffers : Climate Regulation : Absorb CO₂, release O₂, and moderate temperatures. Soil Protection : Prevent erosion and maintain soil health. Water Cycle : Help in groundwater recharge and reduce flooding.

Explanation
The main idea of the solar system was proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). who said that "the Sun is the centre of the Universe " and made the planets move around it in perfect circles (in his book entitled, "On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres", written in Latin and published in 1543)

Explanation
The Punjab School Education Department (SED) on December 7, 2022 inaugurated first transgender school in Lahore to educate and teach skills to transpersons.