Subject: PPSC Past Papers

Explanation
Svedberg (Sv): A unit measuring the sedimentation coefficient (how fast particles settle in a centrifuge). Used in ultracentrifugation to study macromolecules (e.g., proteins, ribosomes). 1 Sv = 10⁻¹³ seconds.

Explanation
The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, marked the end of  two major conflicts : The  Thirty Years' War  ( 1618–1648 ) in the Holy Roman Empire, involved various  European powers, including Germany. The Eighty Years' War (1 568–1648 ) between Spain and the  Dutch Republic, resulted in Dutch independence from Spanish rule.

Explanation
The man who built the first Mechanical Calculator was Blaise Pascal . Pascal's calculator is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century. Mathematician Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623 , in Clermont-Ferrand, France. In the 1640s he invented the Pascaline , an early calculator , and further validated Evangelista Torricelli's theory concerning the cause of barometrical variations. In 1642 , at the age of 18 , Pascal invented and build the first digital calculator as a means of helping his father perform tedious tax accounting. The device was called Pascal's calculator or the Pascaline or the Arithmetique .

Explanation
72 beats per minute is a good heart rate. Complete answer: The resting person usually has a pulse rate between 70 (beats per minute) and 80 (beats per minute). Your risk of dying from a heart attack is lower if your heart rate is below 80 beats per minute. A normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Explanation
Trees as Environmental Buffers : Climate Regulation : Absorb CO₂, release O₂, and moderate temperatures. Soil Protection : Prevent erosion and maintain soil health. Water Cycle : Help in groundwater recharge and reduce flooding.

Explanation
The main idea of the solar system was proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). who said that "the Sun is the centre of the Universe " and made the planets move around it in perfect circles (in his book entitled, "On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres", written in Latin and published in 1543)

Explanation
The Punjab School Education Department (SED) on December 7, 2022 inaugurated first transgender school in Lahore to educate and teach skills to transpersons.  

Explanation
Pakistan  purchased Gwadar  port from  Oman  on 8th  September 1958. Gwadar  officially became  part of Pakistan on  8th December 1958. Gwadar  remained under Omani rule  for  174 years from 1783 -1958  Gwadar Port is   situated   on the  Arabian Sea  at Gwadar in  Balochistan province. Opened : 2002  while  Pakistan has  three big sea ports   It was purchased from Oman in 1958. Karachi Port, Muhammad Bin Qasim port and Gwadar port.

Explanation
The elevation of the Kirthar Mountains is  2,260 meters (7,410 feet). The highest peak in the Kirthar Range is  Zardak Peak. It stands at  7,430 feet (2,260 meters). The Kirthar Range is situated along the   border of Balochistan and Sindh provinces. The hill station of Gorakh,  located in the Kirthar Mountains ,  is situated off Dadu in Sindh.

Explanation
“APP” news agency belongs to  Pakistan APP stands for Associated Press of Pakistan It was Founded in 1949 Its Headquarters is located in Islamabad News Agencies  of  Important  Countries China :  Xinhua Russia :  TASS  ( Telegrafnoye agentstvo Sovetskogo Soyuza )  India : Press Trust of India ( PTI ) France : AFP (Agence France-Presse) ( also the  oldest  news agency ) Italy :  ANSA  ( Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata ) USA : Associated Press  ( AP ) Britain :  Reuters   Malaysia :  Bernama   Israel :  ITIM Bahrain :  BNA  ( Bahrain News Agency ) Iran :  FARS Syria :  SANA ( Syrian Arab News Agency ) Yemen :  SABA Indonesia :  Antara   Kuwait :  KUNA  ( Kuwait News Agency ) Kenya :  KNA  ( Kenya News Agency )

Explanation
Svedberg (Sv): A unit measuring the sedimentation coefficient (how fast particles settle in a centrifuge). Used in ultracentrifugation to study macromolecules (e.g., proteins, ribosomes). 1 Sv = 10⁻¹³ seconds.

Explanation
The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, marked the end of  two major conflicts : The  Thirty Years' War  ( 1618–1648 ) in the Holy Roman Empire, involved various  European powers, including Germany. The Eighty Years' War (1 568–1648 ) between Spain and the  Dutch Republic, resulted in Dutch independence from Spanish rule.

Explanation
The man who built the first Mechanical Calculator was Blaise Pascal . Pascal's calculator is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century. Mathematician Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623 , in Clermont-Ferrand, France. In the 1640s he invented the Pascaline , an early calculator , and further validated Evangelista Torricelli's theory concerning the cause of barometrical variations. In 1642 , at the age of 18 , Pascal invented and build the first digital calculator as a means of helping his father perform tedious tax accounting. The device was called Pascal's calculator or the Pascaline or the Arithmetique .

Explanation
72 beats per minute is a good heart rate. Complete answer: The resting person usually has a pulse rate between 70 (beats per minute) and 80 (beats per minute). Your risk of dying from a heart attack is lower if your heart rate is below 80 beats per minute. A normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Explanation
Trees as Environmental Buffers : Climate Regulation : Absorb CO₂, release O₂, and moderate temperatures. Soil Protection : Prevent erosion and maintain soil health. Water Cycle : Help in groundwater recharge and reduce flooding.

Explanation
The main idea of the solar system was proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). who said that "the Sun is the centre of the Universe " and made the planets move around it in perfect circles (in his book entitled, "On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres", written in Latin and published in 1543)

Explanation
The Punjab School Education Department (SED) on December 7, 2022 inaugurated first transgender school in Lahore to educate and teach skills to transpersons.  

Explanation
Pakistan  purchased Gwadar  port from  Oman  on 8th  September 1958. Gwadar  officially became  part of Pakistan on  8th December 1958. Gwadar  remained under Omani rule  for  174 years from 1783 -1958  Gwadar Port is   situated   on the  Arabian Sea  at Gwadar in  Balochistan province. Opened : 2002  while  Pakistan has  three big sea ports   It was purchased from Oman in 1958. Karachi Port, Muhammad Bin Qasim port and Gwadar port.

Explanation
The elevation of the Kirthar Mountains is  2,260 meters (7,410 feet). The highest peak in the Kirthar Range is  Zardak Peak. It stands at  7,430 feet (2,260 meters). The Kirthar Range is situated along the   border of Balochistan and Sindh provinces. The hill station of Gorakh,  located in the Kirthar Mountains ,  is situated off Dadu in Sindh.

Explanation
“APP” news agency belongs to  Pakistan APP stands for Associated Press of Pakistan It was Founded in 1949 Its Headquarters is located in Islamabad News Agencies  of  Important  Countries China :  Xinhua Russia :  TASS  ( Telegrafnoye agentstvo Sovetskogo Soyuza )  India : Press Trust of India ( PTI ) France : AFP (Agence France-Presse) ( also the  oldest  news agency ) Italy :  ANSA  ( Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata ) USA : Associated Press  ( AP ) Britain :  Reuters   Malaysia :  Bernama   Israel :  ITIM Bahrain :  BNA  ( Bahrain News Agency ) Iran :  FARS Syria :  SANA ( Syrian Arab News Agency ) Yemen :  SABA Indonesia :  Antara   Kuwait :  KUNA  ( Kuwait News Agency ) Kenya :  KNA  ( Kenya News Agency )

Explanation
Svedberg (Sv): A unit measuring the sedimentation coefficient (how fast particles settle in a centrifuge). Used in ultracentrifugation to study macromolecules (e.g., proteins, ribosomes). 1 Sv = 10⁻¹³ seconds.

Explanation
The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, marked the end of  two major conflicts : The  Thirty Years' War  ( 1618–1648 ) in the Holy Roman Empire, involved various  European powers, including Germany. The Eighty Years' War (1 568–1648 ) between Spain and the  Dutch Republic, resulted in Dutch independence from Spanish rule.

Explanation
The man who built the first Mechanical Calculator was Blaise Pascal . Pascal's calculator is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century. Mathematician Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623 , in Clermont-Ferrand, France. In the 1640s he invented the Pascaline , an early calculator , and further validated Evangelista Torricelli's theory concerning the cause of barometrical variations. In 1642 , at the age of 18 , Pascal invented and build the first digital calculator as a means of helping his father perform tedious tax accounting. The device was called Pascal's calculator or the Pascaline or the Arithmetique .

Explanation
72 beats per minute is a good heart rate. Complete answer: The resting person usually has a pulse rate between 70 (beats per minute) and 80 (beats per minute). Your risk of dying from a heart attack is lower if your heart rate is below 80 beats per minute. A normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Explanation
Trees as Environmental Buffers : Climate Regulation : Absorb CO₂, release O₂, and moderate temperatures. Soil Protection : Prevent erosion and maintain soil health. Water Cycle : Help in groundwater recharge and reduce flooding.

Explanation
The main idea of the solar system was proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). who said that "the Sun is the centre of the Universe " and made the planets move around it in perfect circles (in his book entitled, "On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres", written in Latin and published in 1543)

Explanation
The Punjab School Education Department (SED) on December 7, 2022 inaugurated first transgender school in Lahore to educate and teach skills to transpersons.  

Explanation
Pakistan  purchased Gwadar  port from  Oman  on 8th  September 1958. Gwadar  officially became  part of Pakistan on  8th December 1958. Gwadar  remained under Omani rule  for  174 years from 1783 -1958  Gwadar Port is   situated   on the  Arabian Sea  at Gwadar in  Balochistan province. Opened : 2002  while  Pakistan has  three big sea ports   It was purchased from Oman in 1958. Karachi Port, Muhammad Bin Qasim port and Gwadar port.

Explanation
The elevation of the Kirthar Mountains is  2,260 meters (7,410 feet). The highest peak in the Kirthar Range is  Zardak Peak. It stands at  7,430 feet (2,260 meters). The Kirthar Range is situated along the   border of Balochistan and Sindh provinces. The hill station of Gorakh,  located in the Kirthar Mountains ,  is situated off Dadu in Sindh.

Explanation
“APP” news agency belongs to  Pakistan APP stands for Associated Press of Pakistan It was Founded in 1949 Its Headquarters is located in Islamabad News Agencies  of  Important  Countries China :  Xinhua Russia :  TASS  ( Telegrafnoye agentstvo Sovetskogo Soyuza )  India : Press Trust of India ( PTI ) France : AFP (Agence France-Presse) ( also the  oldest  news agency ) Italy :  ANSA  ( Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata ) USA : Associated Press  ( AP ) Britain :  Reuters   Malaysia :  Bernama   Israel :  ITIM Bahrain :  BNA  ( Bahrain News Agency ) Iran :  FARS Syria :  SANA ( Syrian Arab News Agency ) Yemen :  SABA Indonesia :  Antara   Kuwait :  KUNA  ( Kuwait News Agency ) Kenya :  KNA  ( Kenya News Agency )

Explanation
Svedberg (Sv): A unit measuring the sedimentation coefficient (how fast particles settle in a centrifuge). Used in ultracentrifugation to study macromolecules (e.g., proteins, ribosomes). 1 Sv = 10⁻¹³ seconds.

Explanation
The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, marked the end of  two major conflicts : The  Thirty Years' War  ( 1618–1648 ) in the Holy Roman Empire, involved various  European powers, including Germany. The Eighty Years' War (1 568–1648 ) between Spain and the  Dutch Republic, resulted in Dutch independence from Spanish rule.

Explanation
Svedberg (Sv): A unit measuring the sedimentation coefficient (how fast particles settle in a centrifuge). Used in ultracentrifugation to study macromolecules (e.g., proteins, ribosomes). 1 Sv = 10⁻¹³ seconds.

Explanation
The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, marked the end of  two major conflicts : The  Thirty Years' War  ( 1618–1648 ) in the Holy Roman Empire, involved various  European powers, including Germany. The Eighty Years' War (1 568–1648 ) between Spain and the  Dutch Republic, resulted in Dutch independence from Spanish rule.

Explanation
The man who built the first Mechanical Calculator was Blaise Pascal . Pascal's calculator is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century. Mathematician Blaise Pascal was born on June 19, 1623 , in Clermont-Ferrand, France. In the 1640s he invented the Pascaline , an early calculator , and further validated Evangelista Torricelli's theory concerning the cause of barometrical variations. In 1642 , at the age of 18 , Pascal invented and build the first digital calculator as a means of helping his father perform tedious tax accounting. The device was called Pascal's calculator or the Pascaline or the Arithmetique .

Explanation
72 beats per minute is a good heart rate. Complete answer: The resting person usually has a pulse rate between 70 (beats per minute) and 80 (beats per minute). Your risk of dying from a heart attack is lower if your heart rate is below 80 beats per minute. A normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.

Explanation
Trees as Environmental Buffers : Climate Regulation : Absorb CO₂, release O₂, and moderate temperatures. Soil Protection : Prevent erosion and maintain soil health. Water Cycle : Help in groundwater recharge and reduce flooding.

Explanation
The main idea of the solar system was proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). who said that "the Sun is the centre of the Universe " and made the planets move around it in perfect circles (in his book entitled, "On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres", written in Latin and published in 1543)

Explanation
The Punjab School Education Department (SED) on December 7, 2022 inaugurated first transgender school in Lahore to educate and teach skills to transpersons.  

Explanation
Pakistan  purchased Gwadar  port from  Oman  on 8th  September 1958. Gwadar  officially became  part of Pakistan on  8th December 1958. Gwadar  remained under Omani rule  for  174 years from 1783 -1958  Gwadar Port is   situated   on the  Arabian Sea  at Gwadar in  Balochistan province. Opened : 2002  while  Pakistan has  three big sea ports   It was purchased from Oman in 1958. Karachi Port, Muhammad Bin Qasim port and Gwadar port.

Explanation
The elevation of the Kirthar Mountains is  2,260 meters (7,410 feet). The highest peak in the Kirthar Range is  Zardak Peak. It stands at  7,430 feet (2,260 meters). The Kirthar Range is situated along the   border of Balochistan and Sindh provinces. The hill station of Gorakh,  located in the Kirthar Mountains ,  is situated off Dadu in Sindh.

Explanation
“APP” news agency belongs to  Pakistan APP stands for Associated Press of Pakistan It was Founded in 1949 Its Headquarters is located in Islamabad News Agencies  of  Important  Countries China :  Xinhua Russia :  TASS  ( Telegrafnoye agentstvo Sovetskogo Soyuza )  India : Press Trust of India ( PTI ) France : AFP (Agence France-Presse) ( also the  oldest  news agency ) Italy :  ANSA  ( Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata ) USA : Associated Press  ( AP ) Britain :  Reuters   Malaysia :  Bernama   Israel :  ITIM Bahrain :  BNA  ( Bahrain News Agency ) Iran :  FARS Syria :  SANA ( Syrian Arab News Agency ) Yemen :  SABA Indonesia :  Antara   Kuwait :  KUNA  ( Kuwait News Agency ) Kenya :  KNA  ( Kenya News Agency )

Explanation
Makli Necropolis is one of the  largest funerary sites  in the  world . spread over an area of  10 kilometers near  the city of  Thatta , in the Pakistani  province  of  Sindh The site was  inscribed  as a  UNESCO World Heritage Site  in  1981  as an " outstanding testament " to  Sindhi civilization  between the  14th and 18th centuries.

Explanation
Badminton nets are regulated at a height of 5'1 ” (1.55 m) at the edges of the court and 5' (1.52 m) at the center of the court

Explanation
A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents , affecting a substantial number of individuals.

Explanation
Hypothermia is caused by exposure to cold temperatures for a long time . It can also occur after prolonged immersion in cold water.  Causes  Cold temperatures: Exposure to temperatures below 10°C for a long time Cold water: Prolonged immersion in water below 20°C Wet clothing: Wearing wet clothing in cold or windy weather Heavy exertion: Exerting yourself while in cold weather Dehydration: Not drinking enough fluids in cold weather Undereating: Not eating enough in cold weather

Explanation
Article 8-28 of 1973 constitution of Pakistan  deals  with  fundamental rights 

Explanation
The number used to represent one unit length of a bar or one picture on a pictograph. Scaled Picture or Pictograph Graph DEFINE. A pictograph that uses a picture to represent more than one unit. Scaled Bar Graph DEFINE. A bar graph that uses intervals of more than one uni

Explanation
Average of A & B is  ( A+B) /2 = 30  ⇒ A+B=60 ⇒ A= 60 – B —- (i)  ( B+C)/2 = 64 ⇒B+C = 64 ⇒ B= 64 – C—- ( ii )  Putting value of B in equation ( i )  ⇒ A= 60 – 64 +C ⇒ A = -4 + C —– ( iii)  ( C+A)/2 = 34  ⇒ C+A=68 ⇒ C = 68 – A —–(iv) Puuting value of A from eaquation ( iii) to eq. (iv) ⇒ C= 68 +4 -C ⇒ C =36

Explanation
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia; east of the Balkan Peninsula, south of the East European Plain in Eastern Europe, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia in Western Asia.

Explanation
An apostrophe before a cell value forces Excel to interpret the value as text. This is mostly useful for values that look like a number or date.

Explanation
 Speed=14 sec/m​eter  To convert  m/sec————> km/hr multiply by 18/5  Speed = 14 x (18/5) = 50.4 km/h

Explanation
Makli Necropolis is one of the  largest funerary sites  in the  world . spread over an area of  10 kilometers near  the city of  Thatta , in the Pakistani  province  of  Sindh The site was  inscribed  as a  UNESCO World Heritage Site  in  1981  as an " outstanding testament " to  Sindhi civilization  between the  14th and 18th centuries.

Explanation
Badminton nets are regulated at a height of 5'1 ” (1.55 m) at the edges of the court and 5' (1.52 m) at the center of the court

Explanation
A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents , affecting a substantial number of individuals.

Explanation
Hypothermia is caused by exposure to cold temperatures for a long time . It can also occur after prolonged immersion in cold water.  Causes  Cold temperatures: Exposure to temperatures below 10°C for a long time Cold water: Prolonged immersion in water below 20°C Wet clothing: Wearing wet clothing in cold or windy weather Heavy exertion: Exerting yourself while in cold weather Dehydration: Not drinking enough fluids in cold weather Undereating: Not eating enough in cold weather

Explanation
Article 8-28 of 1973 constitution of Pakistan  deals  with  fundamental rights 

Explanation
The number used to represent one unit length of a bar or one picture on a pictograph. Scaled Picture or Pictograph Graph DEFINE. A pictograph that uses a picture to represent more than one unit. Scaled Bar Graph DEFINE. A bar graph that uses intervals of more than one uni

Explanation
Average of A & B is  ( A+B) /2 = 30  ⇒ A+B=60 ⇒ A= 60 – B —- (i)  ( B+C)/2 = 64 ⇒B+C = 64 ⇒ B= 64 – C—- ( ii )  Putting value of B in equation ( i )  ⇒ A= 60 – 64 +C ⇒ A = -4 + C —– ( iii)  ( C+A)/2 = 34  ⇒ C+A=68 ⇒ C = 68 – A —–(iv) Puuting value of A from eaquation ( iii) to eq. (iv) ⇒ C= 68 +4 -C ⇒ C =36

Explanation
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia; east of the Balkan Peninsula, south of the East European Plain in Eastern Europe, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia in Western Asia.

Explanation
An apostrophe before a cell value forces Excel to interpret the value as text. This is mostly useful for values that look like a number or date.

Explanation
 Speed=14 sec/m​eter  To convert  m/sec————> km/hr multiply by 18/5  Speed = 14 x (18/5) = 50.4 km/h

Explanation
Makli Necropolis is one of the  largest funerary sites  in the  world . spread over an area of  10 kilometers near  the city of  Thatta , in the Pakistani  province  of  Sindh The site was  inscribed  as a  UNESCO World Heritage Site  in  1981  as an " outstanding testament " to  Sindhi civilization  between the  14th and 18th centuries.

Explanation
Badminton nets are regulated at a height of 5'1 ” (1.55 m) at the edges of the court and 5' (1.52 m) at the center of the court