Subject: Sindh University Past Papers and Syllabus

Explanation
The word " namaz " is of Persian origin. The Arabic word for prayer is " Salah ".

Explanation
Ashra Mubashra  are those Companions of Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H), who were given  Good News in their life that they will be awarded Heaven . Following is the List with Names of Ashra Mubashra: 1. Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A) 2. Hazrat Umer Farooq (R.A) 3. Hazrat Usman (R.A) 4. Hazrat Ali (R.A) 5. Hazrat Zubair ibn-e-Awam (R.A) 6. Hazrat Talha (R.A) 7. Hazrat Abdul Rehman bin-e-Auf (R.A) 8. Hazrat Abu Obaida bin-al-Jarah (R.A) 9.  Hazrat Saad bin-e-Abi Waqas (R.A) 10. Hazrat Saeed bin-e-Zaid (R.A)

Explanation
Karakar pass  is located in:  Hindu  Kush , KPK Important Passes of Pakistan : 1.  Khyber Pass   connects: Peshawar to Kabul connects: Pakistan to Afghanistan Height 1070 meters, 3510 feet  2.  Bolan Pass  Connects: JCB and Sibi with Quetta  Height: 1793 meters, 5884 feet  3.  Lowari Pass   Connects: Chitral with Dir  Height: 3118 meters, 10230 feet  4.  Broghil Pass   Location: Pakistan & Afghanistan border  Height: 3798 meters, 12460 feet  5.  Malakand Pass  Connects: Dir with Chitral  Height: 1362 meters, 4468 feet  6.  Shandur pass Connects: Gupis/Gilgit with Chitral  Height: 3700 meters, 12139 feet  7.  Khanjerab Pass  (top most in Pakistan)  Other name: Friendship Gate Connects: China with Pakistan  Height: 4693 meters, 15397 feet  8.  Dorah pass Connects: Badakhshan province of Afghanistan with Chitral  Height: 4300 meters, 14108 feet  9.  Babusar Pass  Connects: Mansehra/Abbotabad with Gilgit 10.  Kohat Pass Connects: Kohat with Peshawar  11.  Khojak Pass Connects: Qilla Abdullah with Chaman 12.  Tochi Pass Connects: Ghazni with Bannu 13.  Karakar Pass Connects: Mingora with Buner

Explanation
Pakistan  is the  most successful  national field hockey team in the  Hockey World Cup . Pakistanis the   four-time  champion:  1971 1978 1982 1994

Explanation
The hertz is the unit of frequency  of one cycle per second.   symbol: hertz (Hz) Hertz in honor of the German physicist Heinrich Hertz hertz in the International System of Units (SI) frequency i s defined as one cycle per second ***

Explanation
Exponential notation (scientific notation) is used to express very small (e.g., 0.0000001) or very large (e.g., 1000000000) quantities compactly by representing numbers as powers of 10 . Key Information : Format : a × 10^n, where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n is an integer. Used for very large or very small numbers . Examples: Large number : 6.022 × 10^23 ( Avogadro's number ) Small number : 1.6 × 10^-19 ( Charge of an electron )

Explanation
Marconi  invented  Radio . Radio was invented in  1895 . Guglielmo Marconi was an  Italian  inventor.  *****

Explanation
The Mole (mol) is the SI unit of amount of substance, representing 6.022 x 10^23 particles. It is used to measure the amount of a substance in a sample.

Explanation
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) was a pioneering microbiologist and chemist whose work bridged both fields: As a Chemist : Discovered molecular chirality (optical isomers). Studied fermentation, proving it was caused by microorganisms. As a Microbiologist : Developed pasteurization (heat treatment to kill microbes in food). Created vaccines for rabies and anthrax. Disproved spontaneous generation (germ theory of disease).

Explanation
The chemical formula CH₃COOH represents acetic acid , a weak organic acid commonly found in vinegar. Key Information : Common Name : Acetic acid (systematic name: ethanoic acid). Properties : Weak acid (partially dissociates in water). Pungent smell, sour taste (vinegar contains ~4–8% acetic acid).

Explanation
Xylem and Phloem are specialized conducting tissues in vascular plants: Xylem : Transports water and minerals from roots to other parts (unidirectional). Phloem : Transports sugars (photosynthates) from leaves to other parts (bidirectional).

Explanation
The atomic weight of Mercury (Hg) is 200.59 unified atomic mass units (u), as listed on the periodic table. Key Information : Symbol : Hg (from Latin Hydrargyrum) Atomic Number : 80 Standard Atomic Weight : 200.592 u (often rounded to 200.59 u).

Explanation
The mass of Earth is approximately 6.0 x 10^24 kilograms ( 5.98 x 10^24 kg ). This is a widely accepted scientific value , based on various measurements and calculations, including: Gravity measurements Satellite orbits Seismological data Planetary formation models

Explanation
Longitudinal Wave (Primary Nature): Sound propagates as compressions and rarefactions (particles vibrate parallel to wave direction). Example: Sound waves in air. Mechanical Wave (Medium Dependency): Requires a medium (solid, liquid, gas) to travel—cannot propagate in a vacuum. Transverse Wave (In Specific Cases): In solids, sound can also exhibit transverse wave components (particles vibrate perpendicular to the wave direction).

Explanation
The hertz is the unit of frequency  of one cycle per second.   symbol: hertz (Hz) Hertz in honor of the German physicist Heinrich Hertz hertz in the International System of Units (SI) frequency i s defined as one cycle per second ***

Explanation
Exponential notation (scientific notation) is used to express very small (e.g., 0.0000001) or very large (e.g., 1000000000) quantities compactly by representing numbers as powers of 10 . Key Information : Format : a × 10^n, where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n is an integer. Used for very large or very small numbers . Examples: Large number : 6.022 × 10^23 ( Avogadro's number ) Small number : 1.6 × 10^-19 ( Charge of an electron )

Explanation
Marconi  invented  Radio . Radio was invented in  1895 . Guglielmo Marconi was an  Italian  inventor.  *****

Explanation
The Mole (mol) is the SI unit of amount of substance, representing 6.022 x 10^23 particles. It is used to measure the amount of a substance in a sample.

Explanation
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) was a pioneering microbiologist and chemist whose work bridged both fields: As a Chemist : Discovered molecular chirality (optical isomers). Studied fermentation, proving it was caused by microorganisms. As a Microbiologist : Developed pasteurization (heat treatment to kill microbes in food). Created vaccines for rabies and anthrax. Disproved spontaneous generation (germ theory of disease).

Explanation
The chemical formula CH₃COOH represents acetic acid , a weak organic acid commonly found in vinegar. Key Information : Common Name : Acetic acid (systematic name: ethanoic acid). Properties : Weak acid (partially dissociates in water). Pungent smell, sour taste (vinegar contains ~4–8% acetic acid).

Explanation
Xylem and Phloem are specialized conducting tissues in vascular plants: Xylem : Transports water and minerals from roots to other parts (unidirectional). Phloem : Transports sugars (photosynthates) from leaves to other parts (bidirectional).

Explanation
The atomic weight of Mercury (Hg) is 200.59 unified atomic mass units (u), as listed on the periodic table. Key Information : Symbol : Hg (from Latin Hydrargyrum) Atomic Number : 80 Standard Atomic Weight : 200.592 u (often rounded to 200.59 u).

Explanation
The mass of Earth is approximately 6.0 x 10^24 kilograms ( 5.98 x 10^24 kg ). This is a widely accepted scientific value , based on various measurements and calculations, including: Gravity measurements Satellite orbits Seismological data Planetary formation models

Explanation
Longitudinal Wave (Primary Nature): Sound propagates as compressions and rarefactions (particles vibrate parallel to wave direction). Example: Sound waves in air. Mechanical Wave (Medium Dependency): Requires a medium (solid, liquid, gas) to travel—cannot propagate in a vacuum. Transverse Wave (In Specific Cases): In solids, sound can also exhibit transverse wave components (particles vibrate perpendicular to the wave direction).

Explanation
Biology is classified as a natural science . Because it studies living organisms and life processes through observation and experimentation. Key Points : Natural Sciences include : Biology (study of life) Physics (matter/energy) Chemistry (substances/reactions)

Explanation
The Surah Al Kawthar is the  shortest surah of Holy Quran (3 Verses) . The Surah Baqarah is longest  surah of Holy Quran (286 Verses). *********

Explanation
In the Quran and Bible , it is mentioned that the nation of Hazrat Musa (Moses, A.S.) fasted for 40 days as an act of repentance and devotion to Allah (God). Key References : Quran (Surah Al- Baqarah 2:51, 7:142) – Mentions Musa (A.S.) fasting for 40 days on Mount Sinai while receiving the Torah. Bible (Exodus 34:28) – Confirms Moses fasted 40 days and nights without food or water.

Explanation
The name " Ahmed " was suggested by  Hazrat Amina (R.A)  while the name " Muhammad " was suggested by  Hazrat Abdul Mutalib.

Explanation
In the Fajr (pre-dawn) prayer, there is a significant gap between the Azaan (call to prayer) and the actual Namaz (prayer). This is because: Azaan is called early to announce the start of the prayer time. Namaz is delayed slightly to allow worshippers to wake up, perform ablution (Wudu), and prepare.

Explanation
 Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A)  took shelter  in the  Cave of Soor. They found  shelter  for three days in  Ghar e Soor  They took   refuge   from the  Quraysh Allah (SWT) miraculously had a  s pider  weave a web  at the cave’s entrance  on the third day of their stay Ghar e Soor also  known  as  Jabal al-thawr ( Cave of Thawr, Mount Thawr) Located in the  lower part  of  Makkah, Saudi Arabia ** About ABU BAKAR Abu Bakr was a  sahabi , a companion of  Muhammad He was the  first Caliph  of  Islam . He was also  Muhammad's father-in-law  through  Aisha . His  real name  was Abdullah or Abul-Kaaba and  Abu Bakr was his kunya. Hazrat Abu Bakar  collected  the Quran in the form of a book

Explanation
The word " namaz " is of Persian origin. The Arabic word for prayer is " Salah ". 

Explanation
Ashra Mubashra  are those Companions of Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H), who were given  Good News in their life that they will be awarded Heaven . Following is the List with Names of Ashra Mubashra: 1. Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A) 2. Hazrat Umer Farooq (R.A) 3. Hazrat Usman (R.A) 4. Hazrat Ali (R.A) 5. Hazrat Zubair ibn-e-Awam (R.A) 6. Hazrat Talha (R.A) 7. Hazrat Abdul Rehman bin-e-Auf (R.A) 8. Hazrat Abu Obaida bin-al-Jarah (R.A) 9.  Hazrat Saad bin-e-Abi Waqas (R.A) 10. Hazrat Saeed bin-e-Zaid (R.A)

Explanation
Karakar pass  is located in:  Hindu  Kush , KPK Important Passes of Pakistan : 1.  Khyber Pass   connects: Peshawar to Kabul connects: Pakistan to Afghanistan Height 1070 meters, 3510 feet  2.  Bolan Pass  Connects: JCB and Sibi with Quetta  Height: 1793 meters, 5884 feet  3.  Lowari Pass   Connects: Chitral with Dir  Height: 3118 meters, 10230 feet  4.  Broghil Pass   Location: Pakistan & Afghanistan border  Height: 3798 meters, 12460 feet  5.  Malakand Pass  Connects: Dir with Chitral  Height: 1362 meters, 4468 feet  6.  Shandur pass Connects: Gupis/Gilgit with Chitral  Height: 3700 meters, 12139 feet  7.  Khanjerab Pass  (top most in Pakistan)  Other name: Friendship Gate Connects: China with Pakistan  Height: 4693 meters, 15397 feet  8.  Dorah pass Connects: Badakhshan province of Afghanistan with Chitral  Height: 4300 meters, 14108 feet  9.  Babusar Pass  Connects: Mansehra/Abbotabad with Gilgit 10.  Kohat Pass Connects: Kohat with Peshawar  11.  Khojak Pass Connects: Qilla Abdullah with Chaman 12.  Tochi Pass Connects: Ghazni with Bannu 13.  Karakar Pass Connects: Mingora with Buner 

Explanation
Pakistan  is the  most successful  national field hockey team in the  Hockey World Cup . Pakistanis the   four-time  champion:  1971 1978 1982 1994

Explanation
The hertz is the unit of frequency  of one cycle per second.   symbol: hertz (Hz) Hertz in honor of the German physicist Heinrich Hertz hertz in the International System of Units (SI) frequency i s defined as one cycle per second ***

Explanation
Exponential notation (scientific notation) is used to express very small (e.g., 0.0000001) or very large (e.g., 1000000000) quantities compactly by representing numbers as powers of 10 . Key Information : Format : a × 10^n, where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n is an integer. Used for very large or very small numbers . Examples: Large number : 6.022 × 10^23 ( Avogadro's number ) Small number : 1.6 × 10^-19 ( Charge of an electron )

Explanation
Marconi  invented  Radio . Radio was invented in  1895 . Guglielmo Marconi was an  Italian  inventor.  *****

Explanation
The Mole (mol) is the SI unit of amount of substance, representing 6.022 x 10^23 particles. It is used to measure the amount of a substance in a sample.

Explanation
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) was a pioneering microbiologist and chemist whose work bridged both fields: As a Chemist : Discovered molecular chirality (optical isomers). Studied fermentation, proving it was caused by microorganisms. As a Microbiologist : Developed pasteurization (heat treatment to kill microbes in food). Created vaccines for rabies and anthrax. Disproved spontaneous generation (germ theory of disease).

Explanation
The chemical formula CH₃COOH represents acetic acid , a weak organic acid commonly found in vinegar. Key Information : Common Name : Acetic acid (systematic name: ethanoic acid). Properties : Weak acid (partially dissociates in water). Pungent smell, sour taste (vinegar contains ~4–8% acetic acid).

Explanation
Xylem and Phloem are specialized conducting tissues in vascular plants: Xylem : Transports water and minerals from roots to other parts (unidirectional). Phloem : Transports sugars (photosynthates) from leaves to other parts (bidirectional).

Explanation
The atomic weight of Mercury (Hg) is 200.59 unified atomic mass units (u), as listed on the periodic table. Key Information : Symbol : Hg (from Latin Hydrargyrum) Atomic Number : 80 Standard Atomic Weight : 200.592 u (often rounded to 200.59 u).

Explanation
The mass of Earth is approximately 6.0 x 10^24 kilograms ( 5.98 x 10^24 kg ). This is a widely accepted scientific value , based on various measurements and calculations, including: Gravity measurements Satellite orbits Seismological data Planetary formation models

Explanation
Longitudinal Wave (Primary Nature): Sound propagates as compressions and rarefactions (particles vibrate parallel to wave direction). Example: Sound waves in air. Mechanical Wave (Medium Dependency): Requires a medium (solid, liquid, gas) to travel—cannot propagate in a vacuum. Transverse Wave (In Specific Cases): In solids, sound can also exhibit transverse wave components (particles vibrate perpendicular to the wave direction).

Explanation
Biology is classified as a natural science . Because it studies living organisms and life processes through observation and experimentation. Key Points : Natural Sciences include : Biology (study of life) Physics (matter/energy) Chemistry (substances/reactions)

Explanation
The Surah Al Kawthar is the  shortest surah of Holy Quran (3 Verses) . The Surah Baqarah is longest  surah of Holy Quran (286 Verses). *********

Explanation
In the Quran and Bible , it is mentioned that the nation of Hazrat Musa (Moses, A.S.) fasted for 40 days as an act of repentance and devotion to Allah (God). Key References : Quran (Surah Al- Baqarah 2:51, 7:142) – Mentions Musa (A.S.) fasting for 40 days on Mount Sinai while receiving the Torah. Bible (Exodus 34:28) – Confirms Moses fasted 40 days and nights without food or water.

Explanation
The name " Ahmed " was suggested by  Hazrat Amina (R.A)  while the name " Muhammad " was suggested by  Hazrat Abdul Mutalib.

Explanation
In the Fajr (pre-dawn) prayer, there is a significant gap between the Azaan (call to prayer) and the actual Namaz (prayer). This is because: Azaan is called early to announce the start of the prayer time. Namaz is delayed slightly to allow worshippers to wake up, perform ablution (Wudu), and prepare.

Explanation
 Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A)  took shelter  in the  Cave of Soor. They found  shelter  for three days in  Ghar e Soor  They took   refuge   from the  Quraysh Allah (SWT) miraculously had a  s pider  weave a web  at the cave’s entrance  on the third day of their stay Ghar e Soor also  known  as  Jabal al-thawr ( Cave of Thawr, Mount Thawr) Located in the  lower part  of  Makkah, Saudi Arabia ** About ABU BAKAR Abu Bakr was a  sahabi , a companion of  Muhammad He was the  first Caliph  of  Islam . He was also  Muhammad's father-in-law  through  Aisha . His  real name  was Abdullah or Abul-Kaaba and  Abu Bakr was his kunya. Hazrat Abu Bakar  collected  the Quran in the form of a book

Explanation
The word " namaz " is of Persian origin. The Arabic word for prayer is " Salah ". 

Explanation
Ashra Mubashra  are those Companions of Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H), who were given  Good News in their life that they will be awarded Heaven . Following is the List with Names of Ashra Mubashra: 1. Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A) 2. Hazrat Umer Farooq (R.A) 3. Hazrat Usman (R.A) 4. Hazrat Ali (R.A) 5. Hazrat Zubair ibn-e-Awam (R.A) 6. Hazrat Talha (R.A) 7. Hazrat Abdul Rehman bin-e-Auf (R.A) 8. Hazrat Abu Obaida bin-al-Jarah (R.A) 9.  Hazrat Saad bin-e-Abi Waqas (R.A) 10. Hazrat Saeed bin-e-Zaid (R.A)

Explanation
Karakar pass  is located in:  Hindu  Kush , KPK Important Passes of Pakistan : 1.  Khyber Pass   connects: Peshawar to Kabul connects: Pakistan to Afghanistan Height 1070 meters, 3510 feet  2.  Bolan Pass  Connects: JCB and Sibi with Quetta  Height: 1793 meters, 5884 feet  3.  Lowari Pass   Connects: Chitral with Dir  Height: 3118 meters, 10230 feet  4.  Broghil Pass   Location: Pakistan & Afghanistan border  Height: 3798 meters, 12460 feet  5.  Malakand Pass  Connects: Dir with Chitral  Height: 1362 meters, 4468 feet  6.  Shandur pass Connects: Gupis/Gilgit with Chitral  Height: 3700 meters, 12139 feet  7.  Khanjerab Pass  (top most in Pakistan)  Other name: Friendship Gate Connects: China with Pakistan  Height: 4693 meters, 15397 feet  8.  Dorah pass Connects: Badakhshan province of Afghanistan with Chitral  Height: 4300 meters, 14108 feet  9.  Babusar Pass  Connects: Mansehra/Abbotabad with Gilgit 10.  Kohat Pass Connects: Kohat with Peshawar  11.  Khojak Pass Connects: Qilla Abdullah with Chaman 12.  Tochi Pass Connects: Ghazni with Bannu 13.  Karakar Pass Connects: Mingora with Buner 

Explanation
Pakistan  is the  most successful  national field hockey team in the  Hockey World Cup . Pakistanis the   four-time  champion:  1971 1978 1982 1994

Explanation
Biology is classified as a natural science . Because it studies living organisms and life processes through observation and experimentation. Key Points : Natural Sciences include : Biology (study of life) Physics (matter/energy) Chemistry (substances/reactions)

Explanation
The Surah Al Kawthar is the  shortest surah of Holy Quran (3 Verses) . The Surah Baqarah is longest  surah of Holy Quran (286 Verses). *********

Explanation
In the Quran and Bible , it is mentioned that the nation of Hazrat Musa (Moses, A.S.) fasted for 40 days as an act of repentance and devotion to Allah (God). Key References : Quran (Surah Al- Baqarah 2:51, 7:142) – Mentions Musa (A.S.) fasting for 40 days on Mount Sinai while receiving the Torah. Bible (Exodus 34:28) – Confirms Moses fasted 40 days and nights without food or water.

Explanation
The name " Ahmed " was suggested by  Hazrat Amina (R.A)  while the name " Muhammad " was suggested by  Hazrat Abdul Mutalib.

Explanation
In the Fajr (pre-dawn) prayer, there is a significant gap between the Azaan (call to prayer) and the actual Namaz (prayer). This is because: Azaan is called early to announce the start of the prayer time. Namaz is delayed slightly to allow worshippers to wake up, perform ablution (Wudu), and prepare.

Explanation
 Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A)  took shelter  in the  Cave of Soor. They found  shelter  for three days in  Ghar e Soor  They took   refuge   from the  Quraysh Allah (SWT) miraculously had a  s pider  weave a web  at the cave’s entrance  on the third day of their stay Ghar e Soor also  known  as  Jabal al-thawr ( Cave of Thawr, Mount Thawr) Located in the  lower part  of  Makkah, Saudi Arabia ** About ABU BAKAR Abu Bakr was a  sahabi , a companion of  Muhammad He was the  first Caliph  of  Islam . He was also  Muhammad's father-in-law  through  Aisha . His  real name  was Abdullah or Abul-Kaaba and  Abu Bakr was his kunya. Hazrat Abu Bakar  collected  the Quran in the form of a book

Explanation
The word " namaz " is of Persian origin. The Arabic word for prayer is " Salah ". 

Explanation
Ashra Mubashra  are those Companions of Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H), who were given  Good News in their life that they will be awarded Heaven . Following is the List with Names of Ashra Mubashra: 1. Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A) 2. Hazrat Umer Farooq (R.A) 3. Hazrat Usman (R.A) 4. Hazrat Ali (R.A) 5. Hazrat Zubair ibn-e-Awam (R.A) 6. Hazrat Talha (R.A) 7. Hazrat Abdul Rehman bin-e-Auf (R.A) 8. Hazrat Abu Obaida bin-al-Jarah (R.A) 9.  Hazrat Saad bin-e-Abi Waqas (R.A) 10. Hazrat Saeed bin-e-Zaid (R.A)

Explanation
Karakar pass  is located in:  Hindu  Kush , KPK Important Passes of Pakistan : 1.  Khyber Pass   connects: Peshawar to Kabul connects: Pakistan to Afghanistan Height 1070 meters, 3510 feet  2.  Bolan Pass  Connects: JCB and Sibi with Quetta  Height: 1793 meters, 5884 feet  3.  Lowari Pass   Connects: Chitral with Dir  Height: 3118 meters, 10230 feet  4.  Broghil Pass   Location: Pakistan & Afghanistan border  Height: 3798 meters, 12460 feet  5.  Malakand Pass  Connects: Dir with Chitral  Height: 1362 meters, 4468 feet  6.  Shandur pass Connects: Gupis/Gilgit with Chitral  Height: 3700 meters, 12139 feet  7.  Khanjerab Pass  (top most in Pakistan)  Other name: Friendship Gate Connects: China with Pakistan  Height: 4693 meters, 15397 feet  8.  Dorah pass Connects: Badakhshan province of Afghanistan with Chitral  Height: 4300 meters, 14108 feet  9.  Babusar Pass  Connects: Mansehra/Abbotabad with Gilgit 10.  Kohat Pass Connects: Kohat with Peshawar  11.  Khojak Pass Connects: Qilla Abdullah with Chaman 12.  Tochi Pass Connects: Ghazni with Bannu 13.  Karakar Pass Connects: Mingora with Buner 

Explanation
Pakistan  is the  most successful  national field hockey team in the  Hockey World Cup . Pakistanis the   four-time  champion:  1971 1978 1982 1994