Computer Fundamental Miscellaneous — Part 2 MCQs with Explanations

RAM is normally associated with volatile types of memory (such as DRAM modules), where stored information is lost if power is removed

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

1 KB = 1024 bytes.

A modem (modulator–demodulator) is a network hardware device that modulates one or more carrier wave signals to encode digital information for transmission and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information.

computers , printers , and cables . These components are essential for creating and maintaining the network. Computers are the devices that connect to the network, printers may be shared resources within the network, and cables are used to physically connect these devices. A modem , however, is primarily used to connect a network to an external service provider, such as an Internet Service Provider (ISP). It modulates and demodulates signals for internet connectivity. While modems are commonly used in wide area networks (WANs) or for internet access, they are not a standard component of a LAN, which is designed for local communication and resource sharing within a limited area.

The small program that starts this sequence is known as a bootstrap loader, bootstrap or boot loader. The first instructor of the bootstrap loader program of an operating system is stored in BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).

A computer virus is a malicious software program loaded onto a user’s computer without the user’s knowledge and performs malicious actions.

EEPROM (also E 2 PROM) stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory and is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers.

EEPROM: Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) is a special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge. Like other types of PROM, EEPROM retains its contents even when the power is turned off. Also like other types of ROM, EEPROM is not as fast as RAM. EEPROM is similar to Flash Memory (sometimes called flash EEPROM). The principal difference is that EEPROM requires data to be written or erased one byte at a time whereas flash memory allows data to be written or erased in blocks. This makes flash memory faster.

Main memory is the primary, internal workspace in the computer, commonly known as RAM. Specifications such as 4GB, 8GB, 12GB and 16GB almost always refer to the capacity of RAM. In contrast, disk or solid state storage capacities in a computer are typically 128GB or 256GB and higher.

Office Open XML (OOXML) format was introduced with Microsoft Office 2007 and became the default format of Microsoft Word ever since. Pertaining file extensions include: .docx – Word document.

In computer hardware, a port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices. In computer terms, a port generally refers to the female part of connection. Computer ports have many uses, to connect a monitor, webcam, speakers, or other peripheral devices.

1 MB is equal to 1024 kilobytes. 2 0 = 1 2 1 = 2 2 2 = 4 2 3 = 8 2 4 = 16 2 5 = 32 2 6 = 64 2 7 = 128 2 8 = 256 2 9 = 512 2 10 = 1024

In computing, a printer is a peripheral device which makes a persistent human-readable representation of graphics or text on paper.

Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer and Windows Internet Explorer, commonly abbreviated IE or MSIE) is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included in the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting in 1995.

Audio Video Interleave (also Audio Video Interleaved), known by its initials AVI, is a multimedia container format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows software. AVI files can contain both audio and video data in a file container that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback

Computers use different types of memory. Some are fast, others are slow. RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of memory that stores data temporarily while the computer is running. It's fast but loses its data when the computer is turned off. A Hard Disk is a permanent storage device that holds information even when the computer is off. It's much slower than RAM. Cache is a very fast type of memory that's even faster than RAM. It stores frequently accessed data to make the computer work quicker. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a program stored in a special type of memory that starts up the computer. It's not primarily used for general data storage. Therefore, the answer choices that represent high-speed memory are RAM and Cache. However, Cache is significantly faster than RAM.

The client-server programming model is a distributed computing architecture that segregates information users (clients) from information providers (servers). A client is an application that needs something like a web page or IP address from a server. Clients may contact a server for this information at any time.

Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.

Semiconductor memory is a digital electronic semiconductor device used for digital data storage, such as computer memory. For these reasons it is used for primary storage, to hold the program and data the computer is currently working on, among other uses.

General purpose computers are those that can be adopted to countless uses simply by changing its Program. A general purpose computer is a computer that is designed to be able to carry out many different tasks.

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits.

Large-scale integration (LSI) is the process of integrating or embedding thousands of transistors on a single silicon semiconductor microchip.

Memory is the conscious storage and recollection of data. Under declarative memory resides semantic and episodic memory. Semantic memory refers to memory that is encoded with specific meaning, while episodic memory refers to information that is encoded along a spatial and temporal plane.

A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the information to paper, usually to standard-size, 8.5" by 11" sheets of paper. Printers vary in size, speed, sophistication and cost.

A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance compared to a general-purpose computer. Performance of a supercomputer is measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS). Traditionally, supercomputers have been used for scientific and engineering applications that must handle very large databases or do a great amount of computation (or both).

Primary storage is the component of the computer that holds data. It is a part of the CPU, programs and instructions that are currently in use. Primary storage is located on the motherboard . As a result, data can be read from and written to primary storage extremely quickly.

A computer program is a sequence of instructions for performing a task designed to solve specific problems. Each program instruction is designed to be executable by a computer; computers require the capacity to execute programs in order to function.

A process which copy's data from a memory location of the computer system is termed as Reading. It is an action executed by the computer system. This process helps to acquire data from a source field and then place the data into their volatile memory for further processing.

When referring to data or storage device, writing is taking information and moving it to an alternate location.

Information is the product of data processing. It is interrelated data and equivalent to finished goods produced after processing the raw material.

In computing, an input device is a piece of computer hardware equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras and joysticks.

The domain name system (DNS) is the way that internet domain names are located and translated into internet protocol (IP) addresses. The domain name system maps the name people use to locate a website to the IP address that a computer uses to locate a website. For example, if someone types example.com into a web browser, a server behind the scenes will map that name to the IP address 93.184.216.34

Platform independence means that the same program works on any platform (operating system) without needing any modification. In the case of Java the application runs in a Java Virtual Machine which itself isn't platform independent.

ROM is read-only, it cannot be changed, it is permanent and non-volatile, meaning it also holds its memory even when power is removed. By contrast, random access memory (RAM) is volatile; it is lost when power is removed.

The computer does its primary work in a part of the machine we cannot see, a control center that converts data input to information output. This control center, called the central processing unit (CPU), is a highly complex, extensive set of electronic circuitry that executes stored program instructions.

USB, short for Universal Serial Bus, is a standard type of connection for many different kinds of devices. Generally, USB refers to the types of cables and connectors used to connect these many types of external devices to computers.

An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital electronic circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers. This is in contrast to a floating-point unit (FPU), which operates on floating point numbers. An ALU is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits, including the central processing unit (CPU) of computers, FPUs, and graphics processing units (GPUs). A single CPU, FPU or GPU may contain multiple ALUs. Source : Wikipedia.org

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

The Motherboard is the main circuit board for the computer, containing both soldered, non-removable components along with sockets or slots for components that can be removed. The motherboard holds the CPU, RAM and ROM chips, etc.