Computer Operator & IT — Past Papers — Part 7 MCQs with Explanations

Slide animation is mainly used in presentation software like Microsoft PowerPoint To add visual motion effects to objects Apply movement to text, shapes, pictures, and charts on a single slide . Last updated 07-09-2026 by NA

Center the text. Ctrl+E Align the text to the left . Ctrl+L Align the text to the right . Ctrl+R Cancel a command. Esc Last updated 07-09-2026 by NA

CorelDRAW is an example of a vector graphics editor Primary Function: It is used to create and edit vector graphics, illustrations, logos, and page layouts

F11 creates a chart from the selected data and places it on a new chart sheet . Alt + F1 creates a chart directly on the current worksheet .

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): City or district coverage LAN (Local Area Network): Small area, e.g., home, office WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers countries or continents, e.g., Internet PAN (Personal Area Network): Very small area, e.g., devices connected via Bluetooth

Page orientation refers to the direction in which a page is displayed or printed. Portrait is vertical in orientation. Landscape is horizontal in orientation. Both orientations are commonly available in word-processing applications such as Microsoft Word .

LCD = Liquid Crystal Display LCD is a flat-panel display technology. It is used in televisions, computer monitors, smartphones , calculators , and other electronic devices. It uses liquid crystals to control light and produce images.

Spam or junk email refers to unwanted or unsolicited messages sent electronically. These emails are often sent in large numbers to many recipients . They may contain advertisements, scams, or malicious links .

Order of arguments : First argument: Range – the cells you want to count Second argument: Criteria – the condition that defines which cells to count Example: =COUNTIF(A1:A10, ">20") counts how many cells in range A1 to A10 have a value greater than 20.

An algorithm is a step-by-step set of rules to solve a problem. It is used in programming and computer science . Algorithms must be clear, finite, and logical. Every computer program is based on an algorithm . It works like a recipe to reach a solution.

The transfer of data from one place to another is called data communication . It involves sending data through a communication medium like cables or wireless signals.

Ctrl + A: Select All Additional information : Ctrl + C : Copy Ctrl + V : Paste Ctrl + X : Cut Ctrl + Z : Undo

Ctrl + C in MS Word is used for the Copy command. Additional information : Ctrl + R → Align text to the right Ctrl + E → Center align text Ctrl + J → Justify paragraph Ctrl + L → Align text to the left Ctrl + Q → Remove paragraph formatting ( reset to default left alignment )

TCL stands for Transaction Control Language . It is a part of SQL ( Structured Query Language ). TCL is used to manage transactions in a database. Common TCL commands include COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT .

In MS Word, the default alignment for a paragraph is Left (or Left-aligned) This setting aligns text along the left margin, leaving the right edge ragged Shortcut: Ctrl+L Last updated by NA 15-feb-2026

The physical part of a computer is called hardware . Hardware refers to all the tangible parts of a computer that contribute to its functionality. Some examples of hardware include: Motherboard, RAM, CPU, Mouse, Keyboard, CD, DVD, Hard disk, Monitor, and Case. Additional information : In contrast, software is the intangible part of a computer that helps it perform its functions. Software is made up of programs, procedures, and routines that run the computer system.

SSDs use flash memory and have no moving mechanical parts . They provide faster data access and transfer speeds than HDDs. SSDs are generally more durable and resistant to physical shock. HDDs use spinning magnetic disks and mechanical read/write heads.

A collection of related data is called a Database . A database stores and organizes related information so it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated . Examples include student records , employee information , and customer details . A DBMS (Database Management System) is software used to create and manage databases.

Email is used to send and receive electronic messages over the Internet. It allows users to communicate instantly across the world. Emails can include text, documents, images, audio, and video attachments. Additional information : Email stands for: Electronic Mail SMTP: Sending emails POP3: Receiving/downloading emails IMAP: Synchronizing emails across devices Email address format: username@domain.com

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol . It is one of the main protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite . It was introduced in 1974 . Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf are recognized as key inventors/developers of TCP/IP.

IBM: International Business Machines Corporation Nickname: Big Blue Founded: June 16, 1911 Headquarters: Armonk, New York, USA Nature: American multinational technology corporation Operations: Over 175 countries Founders: Herman Hollerith, Charles Ranlett Flint, Thomas J. Watson

Registers are the fastest storage units inside the CPU. They temporarily hold data, instructions , and intermediate results during processing . Registers are faster than both cache memory and RAM . They are directly used by the CPU during instruction execution.

In MS Excel , pressing Enter after entering data normally moves the selection one cell down. This is the default direction of movement after pressing Enter. Additional information : Tab → Cell to the right. Shift + Enter → Cell directly above. Shift + Tab → Cell to the left. F2 → Edit the active cell.

The Esc (Escape) key cancels the current cell entry in MS Excel. It discards the changes made during the active cell entry . Additional information : Enter accepts the entry and moves to another cell. Ctrl + S saves the workbook.

Conditional formatting highlights cells automatically based on set conditions or rules (e.g., values greater than 100). It helps in quickly analyzing data trends by using colors, icons, or data bars .

Data refers to a collection of raw facts and figures . Data can include numbers, words, symbols, or observations . When data is processed and organized, it becomes information . Example: 85, 90, 76 are raw data ; their calculated average is information.

Hashing is a one-way process that converts data into a fixed-length hash value . Encryption converts data into ciphertext that can be reversed (decrypted) using a key. Hashing is commonly used for password verification and data integrity . Encryption is used to protect confidential information during storage or transmission.

The Network Layer (Layer 3) is responsible for logical addressing and routing . It uses IP addresses to identify devices across different networks. It determines the best path for packets from source to destination . Routers primarily operate at this layer.

A modem (Modulator-Demodulator) is both an input and output device as it sends (uploads) and receives (downloads) data over communication networks. It converts digital signals to analog for transmission and vice versa for reception. A touchscreen is also both an input and output device. It displays information (output) and detects touch (input).

An IP address (like 192.168.1.1) consists of four numbers , each ranging from 0 to 255. Each of these numbers is called an octet because it contains 8 bits .

IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) uses a 32-bit address system. It allows about 4.3 billion unique IP addresses. It is written in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.1.1). Additional information : IPv6 length → 128 bits

F12 → Save As Additional information : Ctrl + S → Save Ctrl + O → Open Ctrl + P → Print Ctrl + N → New Document Verified & Updated

F11 → Toggle Full-Screen Mode Additional information : F5 → Refresh the current page Ctrl + T → Open a new tab Ctrl + W → Close the current tab Ctrl + L → Select the address bar

NTC stands for National Telecommunication Corporation . It is a government-owned telecom organization of Pakistan. NTC was established in 1996 . It provides telecommunications and ICT services , particularly to government institutions.

Ctrl + F is the shortcut key used to find/search text in a document, webpage, PDF, or many software applications . It opens the Find search box. Users can quickly locate words or phrases without reading the entire document. Additional information : Ctrl + H → Find and Replace Ctrl + G → Go To a page, line, or section Ctrl + A → Select All Ctrl + S → Save document

Raw data processed by a computer becomes Information . Data consists of raw, unorganized facts and figures . After processing , data becomes meaningful and useful information . Information helps users make decisions.

Ctrl + I = Italic Additional information : Ctrl + A = Select all Ctrl + B = Bold Ctrl + P = Print Ctrl + Y = Redo Ctrl + S = Save

Ctrl + D is the shortcut key to duplicate the selected slide in Microsoft PowerPoint . It creates an exact copy of the selected slide . The duplicated slide is inserted immediately after the original. Additional information : Ctrl + M → Insert a new blank slide Ctrl + Shift + C → Copy formatting Ctrl + Shift + V → Paste formatting F5 → Start Slide Show from the beginning

UPS ( Uninterruptible Power Supply ) provides backup power to a computer during a power failure . It helps prevent the loss of unsaved data by keeping the computer running temporarily. It can also protect equipment from certain power fluctuations.

Start a presentation from the beginning : F5 Start a presentation from the current slide : Shift + F5