Pharmaceutics — Part 1 MCQs with Explanations

Steroidal hormones are often administered in the form of implants . These implants are small, solid pellets containing the hormone, which are inserted subcutaneously beneath the skin. They provide controlled and sustained release of the hormone over an extended period, typically ranging from several months to a year. This mode of administration ensures consistent hormone levels in the body, avoiding the need for frequent dosing and offering convenience to the patient.

Let's look at the reaction given: Codeine phosphate ↔ Codeine + Phosphate . This reaction shows a compound, Codeine phosphate , breaking down into two separate parts: Codeine (which would be the codeine cation) and Phosphate (which would be the phosphate anion). This breaking down into charged particles (ions) is key. Now let's understand why Option B: Ionic hydrolysis is the correct answer. Ionic Hydrolysis: Ionic means the reaction involves ions . Ions are atoms or molecules that have a positive or negative electrical charge. Codeine phosphate is an ionic compound (a salt). When it breaks apart, it forms charged particles (ions). Hydrolysis comes from "hydro" (meaning water ) and "lysis" (meaning to break or split ). So, hydrolysis generally means a chemical reaction where water is used to break down a compound. In the context of pharmaceuticals, when an ionic compound like Codeine phosphate (a salt) is dissolved in water, it dissociates (breaks apart) into its constituent ions (Codeine cation and Phosphate anion). Water molecules surround and stabilize these ions, facilitating the breaking of the ionic bond. This process is often referred to as ionic hydrolysis because water plays a crucial role in enabling the salt to split into its ions. Let's briefly look at why the other options are incorrect: Option A: Oxidation Oxidation is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state of a molecule or ion. The given reaction is simply about a salt breaking into its ions, not about losing or gaining electrons in that way. Option C: Polymerisation Polymerisation is a process where small repeating units (monomers) join together to form a very large molecule called a polymer. This is not happening in our reaction; instead, a single compound is breaking apart. Option D: Isomerization Isomerization is a process where a molecule is transformed into another molecule that has the same atoms but arranged differently (an isomer). The molecular formula remains the same. Here, Codeine phosphate is breaking into two distinct ions, not rearranging its atoms to form a new isomer. Therefore, the breaking down of Codeine phosphate into Codeine and Phosphate ions, typically facilitated by water, best describes Ionic hydrolysis .

Diatomaceous earth , also known as Kiesighur , is a naturally occurring, soft, siliceous sedimentary rock. It's composed of the fossilized remains of diatoms, a type of hard-shelled algae. Now, let's look at the other options: Kaolin is a type of clay mineral, primarily used as an adsorbent and in pharmaceuticals. Bentonite is another type of absorbent clay, often used as a suspending agent. Talc is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate, commonly used as a lubricant and absorbent powder. Therefore, the only option that matches the description of diatomaceous earth is Kiesighur .

One quart is a unit of volume measurement in the US customary and imperial systems. Option A: 250 ml 250 ml is incorrect as it is much smaller than a quart. Option B: 500 ml 500 ml is half of a liter and also less than a quart. Option C: 750 ml 750 ml is still less than a quart and is commonly used as a standard bottle size for wine. Option D: 1000 ml 1000 ml is equivalent to 1 liter, which is very close to the volume of one quart (1 US quart ≈ 946 ml, 1 UK quart ≈ 1136 ml). Thus, 1000 ml is generally accepted as equivalent to one quart in practical terms. Conclusion: One quart is approximately equal to 1000 ml, making Option D the correct answer.

SOP stands for Standard Operating Procedure . It is a detailed, written instruction designed to achieve uniformity in the performance of a specific function. SOPs are essential for ensuring that institutional activities are carried out consistently and efficiently. They provide a framework for compliance with regulations and help in maintaining quality control. Therefore, SOP = Written activity followed by institution .

In the context of pharmacy and pharmaceutics, edible oil is commonly used as an anti-dusting compound . It helps to prevent powder particles from adhering to the surfaces of machinery or equipment during the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products, serving as an anti-adherent and facilitating smoother processing. Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: Anti-dustitig compound .

Collagen is the correct answer to “Gelatin is hydrolysed product of”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Glycerol is the correct answer to “The most frequently used plasticiser in capsules is . . . . . . . .”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Methyl salicylate is the correct answer to “Oil of wintergreen is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Ointment is the correct answer to “Unguentum means”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Option "Breakfast" is the correct answer for this question under Pharmaceutics.

Millard reaction is the correct answer to “The browining and discoloration of amine containing drugs in the presence of lactose is known as:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Friabilator is the correct answer to “An instrument used to measure durability of tablets to shock and abrasion is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

0.001gm is the correct answer to “1mg is equal to . . . . . . . .”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

13.2 is the correct answer to “HLB value of tragacanth is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

All the above is the correct answer to “The main types of colloid mills are”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Macrogol is the correct answer to “Viscosity enhancer in ophthalmic preparation is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

As much as or as often is the correct answer to “The Latin word "Ad libitum" means:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Basket is the correct answer to “Type-1 dissolution test apparatus as per USP is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Direction vanes is the correct answer to “. . . . . . . . present it the corner of the chamber guide the air to flow in the desired path.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Plastic flow is the correct answer to “Flocculated suspension is an example of:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Lachrymal Secretion is the correct answer to “Ophthalmic solutions should be isotonic with”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Suspension is the correct answer to “Zeta potential is used for evaluating”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Oxygen is the correct answer to “Which of the following is an example of anions”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Dextrose is the correct answer to “Source of Carbohydrate in a TPN is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

RBC's is the correct answer to “. . . . . . . . is not an example of colloidal dispersion”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Potency is the correct answer to “Content uniformity test for tablets is used to ensure which quality”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Sorbitol is the correct answer to “Soft gelatin capsules are rendered soft by adding:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Jupiter is the correct answer to “In the day of mythology, the symbol R x was considered as a prayer to”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Distributive agent is the correct answer to “Talc is used in the preparation of aromatic water as”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Mint spice is the correct answer to “Which of the following flavor is not responsible for sour taste”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Tweens is the correct answer to “Polysorbate is a synonym for”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Hippocrates is the correct answer to “Who is the father of medicine”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Fluid energy mill is the correct answer to “Which type of mill is used for grinding sulphonamide drug”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Sublingual tablets is the correct answer to “. . . . . . . . tablets are placed below the tongue or in the side of the cheek for slow release of the medicament.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Borosilicate glass is the correct answer to “Transfusion bottles are made of”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Microporous membrane made from ethylene / vinyl acetate polymer is the correct answer to “Lyposomes are used as carriers for drugs and macromolecules in pharmaceutical formulations. They are”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Tween 80 is the correct answer to “Polyethylene(20) sorbitan monooleate is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Aspartame is the correct answer to “A synthetic sweetening agent which is approximately 200 times sweeter than sucrose & has no taste is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.

Spirits is the correct answer to “Solutions of aromatic materials in alcohol are known as . . . . . . . .”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmaceutics.