Pharmacology And Toxicology — Part 1 MCQs with Explanations

A. Paracetamol: Paracetamol is not commonly associated with causing diarrhoea as a side effect. It is generally well-tolerated and does not typically cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhoea. B. Antibiotics: Antibiotics are known to disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the gut, which can lead to diarrhoea as a common side effect. Antibiotics can kill both harmful and beneficial bacteria, leading to an imbalance in the gut flora and resulting in diarrhoea. C. Drug used for vomiting: The specific drug used for vomiting is not mentioned, but in general, drugs used for vomiting (antiemetics) do not commonly cause diarrhoea as a side effect. The side effects of antiemetics can vary depending on the specific drug used. D. Antacid: Antacids are used to neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of heartburn and indigestion. While antacids can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as constipation or diarrhoea in some cases, it is not a commonly reported side effect. Therefore, the correct answer is: B. Antibiotics

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an example of an inborn error of metabolism. Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic disorders that result from abnormalities in specific enzymes or metabolic pathways. In the case of PKU, individuals inherit a genetic mutation that leads to a lack or deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Phenylalanine hydroxylase is responsible for converting the amino acid phenylalanine into another amino acid called tyrosine. However, in individuals with PKU, the enzyme is either missing or not functioning properly, which leads to the accumulation of phenylalanine in the body. The inherited lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme activity results in the inability to properly metabolize phenylalanine. Without treatment, high levels of phenylalanine can build up in the blood and tissues, leading to various health problems, including intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and neurological issues. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Inherited lack of an enzyme , as phenylketonuria is characterized by a genetic deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is essential for the normal metabolism of phenylalanine.

Digoxin is a medication used primarily in the treatment of heart failure and atrial arrhythmias. One of its key effects is to decrease the heart rate by increasing vagal tone, which slows down the conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node. This leads to a reduction in the heart rate , which is particularly beneficial in conditions like atrial fibrillation where the heart rate is abnormally high. Digoxin also increases the force of contraction of the heart muscle , making it more efficient at pumping blood. Therefore, the correct effect of Digoxin on the heart rate is decrease .

Strychnine sulphate is a toxic alkaloid that affects the central nervous system. When strychnine is ingested or enters the body, it acts as a potent stimulant on the spinal cord and the central nervous system. Strychnine blocks the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine in the spinal cord, which normally suppresses nerve impulses. By blocking the inhibitory signals, strychnine allows excitatory signals to be transmitted without restraint, leading to hyperexcitability of the spinal cord. This excessive excitation of the spinal cord results in severe muscle spasms and convulsions. The spasms primarily affect the muscles involved in controlling posture and movement, leading to rigid and jerky movements. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Stimulation , as strychnine sulphate stimulates the spinal cord by blocking inhibitory signals and causing hyperexcitability, which manifests as muscle spasms and convulsions.

Vaccine is the correct answer to “A preparation containing killed or attenuated viruses is termed as.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Inhibition of DNA gyrase is the correct answer to “The mechanism of fiuoroquinolones' action is:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Cyanocobalamin is the correct answer to “Select the drug used for pernicious anemia:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Digestant is the correct answer to “Pancreatin is a”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Atropine is the correct answer to “Which of the following is Cholinergic Blocking agent”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Tramadol is the correct answer to “Tick mixed (opioid/non-opioid) agent:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

5 to 6 min is the correct answer to “Half life of insulin is . . . . . . . .”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

25 to 50 mg/kg is the correct answer to “What is the fatal dose of Antihistamines”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

No first-pass metabolism is the correct answer to “Which one of the following is an advantage of parenteral route of administration”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Neuralgia is the correct answer to “Carbamazepine is mainly indicated for:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Iron dextran Injection is the correct answer to “. . . . . . . . is commonly used intramuscular preparation which contains 50mg/ml of elemental iron.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Propafenone is the correct answer to “. . . . . . . . acts by slowing down the influx of sodium ions into the cardiac muscle cells thus decreasing the excitability of the cells”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

An endoperoxide is the correct answer to “Artemisinin contains the following group in its structure.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

All of the above is the correct answer to “Advantages of Intravenous route of administration of drugs.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Phase-I is the correct answer to “Testing in healthy subjects to gather information on chemical action safe dose level and safety is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Cumulative poisoning is the correct answer to “Over use of digitalis may result in”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Salmeterol is the correct answer to “. . . . . . . . is used as single agent for the prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm in those who do not have persistent asthma.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Antifungal is the correct answer to “Selenium sulfide is used topically as a/an:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Lowered is the correct answer to “Blood pressure is . . . . . . . . by hypnotic doses of barbiturates which reduce cardiac output and induce vasodilatation and peripheral pooling of blood.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Endocytosis is the correct answer to “. . . . . . . . is also known as corpuscular or vesicular transport, because cell membrane engulfs extracellular material by forming a vesicle or saccule, which is destructed by the enzymes present within the cell and lysozyme later on.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Active tubular secretion is the correct answer to “. . . . . . . . is a carrier-mediated process.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Intravenous injections is the correct answer to “Which of the following avoid flrst pass effect of the drugs”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Amphetamine is the correct answer to “. . . . . . . . is used for the treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Mercury is the correct answer to “The antidote BAL is used to reduce toxicity of”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Anticonvulsant is the correct answer to “Levetiracetam is classified as a/an:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Montelukast is the correct answer to “A leukotriene receptor antagonist used in allergic cough is.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Phentolamine is the correct answer to “Which of the following drugs is useful in the treatment of pheochromocytoma”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Heart failure with atrial fibrillation, flutter with fast ventricular rate is the correct answer to “Digitalis is most effective in patients exhibiting:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

H2 receptor antagonists is the correct answer to “The . . . . . . . . are drugs which block the histamine action on the parietal cells in stomach, thus acid produced by these cells decreases.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

4 is the correct answer to “Chlorhexidine is used in . . . . . . . . % solution as a hand wash and for aseptic dressing of operation sites before surgery.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

All the above is the correct answer to “Parkinsonism is characterized by”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Fluorouracil is the correct answer to “Choose the anticancer drug, a pyrimidine antagonist”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

LSD is the correct answer to “Which of the following agent is related to hallucinogens”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Intramuscular is the correct answer to “Which one is not a classification of general anaesthesia”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Tolbutamide is the correct answer to “An example of sulfonyl urea is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.

Striptokinate is the correct answer to “Plasminogen activator is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Pharmacology And Toxicology.