Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology — Part 1 MCQs with Explanations

a. Kheda Satyagraha: This was a movement by farmers in India. So, it's a Peasant Movement . That means 'a' matches with '4'. b. Chipko Movement: This movement was about protecting trees , and women played a big role. It's best described as a Women Ecological Movement . 'b' matches with '3'. c. Justice Movement: This movement aimed to improve the social standing and rights of certain groups. It worked for Social Upliftment . So, 'c' matches with '1'. d. Anti-sati Movement: Sati was a practice that harmed women . A movement against it is a Women Upliftment Movement . 'd' matches with '2'. Therefore, the correct match is: a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2 So, the answer is Option C.

The book 'Village India' is a well-known edited volume that presents ethnographic studies on Indian villages. It was edited and authored by McKim Marriot , who compiled various scholarly contributions to provide insights into the social structure, culture, and dynamics of rural India. Therefore, the correct answer is Option C .

Rural and urban societies differ on several important bases, including occupation, family system, social relationships, population characteristics, and settlement patterns . Option A: Occupation Occupation is a major basis of difference. Rural society has traditionally been associated with agriculture and allied activities, whereas urban society has a greater concentration of industrial, commercial, professional, and service occupations. Option B: Homogeneity Homogeneity is not considered a basic basis of difference in the classification referred to in this question. Rather, it is generally described as a characteristic of rural society , while urban society tends to be more heterogeneous. Option C: Family system Family system is a basis of difference. Rural communities have traditionally been associated with joint or extended families , whereas urbanisation has contributed to the growth of nuclear families . Option D: Natural disaster Natural disasters are generally not a sociological basis for distinguishing rural and urban characteristics . However, if the question's source specifically treats homogeneity as the intended answer, the examination key should be followed. Hence, according to the intended answer of the source, Option B — Homogeneity is the correct answer.

The Champaran Satyagraha was Mahatma Gandhi’s first civil disobedience movement in India. It took place in the year 1917 in the Champaran district of Bihar, where Gandhi protested against the oppressive tinkathia system imposed on indigo farmers. This movement marked a significant beginning of Gandhi’s leadership in India’s freedom struggle. Therefore, the correct answer is Option A — 1917 .

a. Military and industrial → 2. Spencer Explanation: Herbert Spencer categorized societies into two types — military and industrial — based on their structural and functional characteristics. Military societies are hierarchical and organized for defense and warfare, while industrial societies are oriented towards cooperation, voluntary associations, and production. b. Societies and civitas → 1. Saint Simon Explanation: Saint Simon made distinctions between types of societies and introduced the term "civitas" to denote the transition from feudal to industrial societies. He emphasized social reorganization based on industrial progress and scientific management. c. Military, legalistic and industrial → 3. Tonnies Explanation: Though Tönnies is more famously associated with Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, in broader classical sociological tradition, these divisions reflect legalistic (formal) and industrial (modern) structures. Tönnies did identify types of social associations that could overlap with such characterizations. d. Gemeinschaft and gesellschaft → 4. Morgan Explanation: Lewis H. Morgan actually contributed to the understanding of social evolution and kinship systems, but the terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft were coined by Ferdinand Tönnies to describe community-oriented and society-oriented types of social relationships respectively. (Note: This shows a mismatch; the correct match for Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft should be Tönnies, not Morgan. This implies Option A has a flaw.) e. Industrial and post-industrial → 5. Daniel Bell Explanation: Daniel Bell introduced the concept of post-industrial society, distinguishing it from industrial society. His work laid the foundation for understanding the transition to knowledge-based economies.

Daniel Thomer is known for his study of rural class structure and identified the categories Maalik, Kisaan, Mazdoor as key rural occupational and class divisions in India. Robert Redfield described rural societies with characteristics like small size, distinctiveness, and homogeneity , especially in his concept of the folk society. McKim Marriot introduced the concepts of Universalisation and Parochialisation to explain cultural changes in Indian villages. D. N. Majumdar contributed to the idea of De-sanskritisation , where lower castes or tribal groups move away from Sanskritic traditions and assert their distinct identity. Thus, the correct matching is: a-2 , b-1 , c-4 , d-3

The concept of "urban fringe" was first introduced by T.L. Smith in 1937 to denote "the built-up area just outside the corporate limits of the city" (Pryor, 1968). Therefore, neither M. N. Srinivas, K. M. Kapadia, nor S. C. Dube introduced the concept of urban fringe.

The correct answer is A. R. Desai . A. R. Desai was a prominent Indian sociologist who made significant contributions to the study of rural society in India. His book, 'Rural Sociology in India', is a key text in understanding the transformations and social structures of rural India. While the other options are also important figures, they are known for other works, not specifically for this book. Therefore, the correct answer is A. R. Desai.

Neighbourhood refers to a small localized community within a town or city, often with low to moderate population density. Village typically has a sparse population and low community density, often characterized by agrarian lifestyles and widely spaced residences. Town has a higher population density than villages, with better infrastructure, facilities, and more compact settlements. City exhibits a much higher density of population with dense housing, industrial, and commercial zones. Metropolis is a large and densely populated urban area, often a central hub for economy, politics, and culture, showing the highest density of community living. Hence, the correct increasing order of community living density is: Neighbourhood → Village → Town → City → Metropolis.

All of the above is the correct answer to “Colonial urban economy of India is characterised by”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Better/modern employment opportunities is the correct answer to “Which is not the feature of 'Jajmani System'”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Subsistence agriculture is the correct answer to “When agriculturists produce primarily for themselves and are unable to produce for the market, it is known as:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3 is the correct answer to “Match the following in the term of City and Slum. List I (City) List II (Slum) a. Madras 1. Chal b. Bombay 2. Cherry c. Calcutta 3. Ahata d. Kanpur 4. Basti”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

The social heterogeneity is the correct answer to “Social distance in a city is due to”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Mono-crop regime is the correct answer to “In Green Revolution areas, farmers have switched from a multi-crop system to:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Urban density is the correct answer to “Which of the following refers to number of people in an urban area per sq km”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Bihu is the correct answer to “New year festivals in Assam are celebrated as:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

The provision of health, housing and education services by the state is the correct answer to “The term 'Collective consumption' (Castells 1977) refers to”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

2000 BC is the correct answer to “The world's first cities appeared about”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

12.14% is the correct answer to “During 2001-11, the growth of Rural population has been”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Community is the correct answer to “Which one of the following is a self contained unit where members share a sense of belonging and a common territorial base”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Higher is the big cities than in the rural areas is the correct answer to “Crime is usually”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

All of the above is the correct answer to “Industrialisation weakens”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1 is the correct answer to “Match the following in the term of Movements and years. List I (Movements) List II (Years) a. Moplan 1. 1928 b. Champaran 2. 1918 c. Kheda 3. 1921 d. Bardoli 4. 1917”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Zamindar is the correct answer to “The village landlord was called:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

The abolition of the zamindari system is the correct answer to “The first important legislation was:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Stratification is the correct answer to “Which of the following can be said as objective of land reforms”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

All of the above is the correct answer to “What has brought substantial transformation of the rural countryside of Kerala”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

1, 2 and 3 is the correct answer to “Consider the following statement 1. Gated communities has drawn a barrier between resident and other community. 2. Gated communities create the gap between low level income groups. 3. Gated communities are best suited for the people searching high quality life style. Which of the following statements given is / are correct”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

1 and 2 is the correct answer to “In Indian village has some characteristic feature. Identify them and choose the correct alternative on the basis of it. 1. A unit of society. 2. Simple and economical life. 3. Preserves of the ancient cultures of their respective community. Which of the statements given above are correct”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Sutherland is the correct answer to “Who introduced the term white collar crime”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Formality is the correct answer to “Which one is not the Characteristic of Indian Village Life”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

1 and 2 is the correct answer to “Robert Redfield gave certain features of small communities choose the correct option. 1. Homogeneity 2. Self-sufficiency 3. Dominant caste 4. Universalisation Select the correct answer:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Both A and B is the correct answer to “The dominant landowning groups usually belong to:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Plentiful jobs in the migrants chosen destination is the correct answer to “Which of the follwing is an example of a pull factor”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

A function of population size and density is the correct answer to “In the Indian context urban is generally described as”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Urban recycling is the correct answer to “Which of the following refers to the refurbishing or replacement of old buildings and new use of previously developed land in urban areas”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

M. N. Srinivas is the correct answer to “Who worte the book 'India's villages'”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

Agriculture is the correct answer to “Colonisers imposed heavy land revenue on:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.

The state is the correct answer to “Who was authorised to take of surplus land above the ceiling limit”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Rural And Urban Transformations In Sociology.