Agricultural Biotechnology — Part 1 MCQs with Explanations

1. AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) molecular markers are dominant in nature. - They do not distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous individuals for a specific allele. 2. AFLP markers are widely used in genetic studies. - They are useful for analyzing genetic diversity, constructing genetic maps, and identifying polymorphisms. 3. AFLP markers involve a PCR-based technique. - This technique combines restriction enzyme digestion with selective amplification, enabling the detection of DNA polymorphisms. 4. Option A is correct because AFLP markers are dominant and provide valuable genetic information despite their inability to differentiate zygosity.

1. Rare cutters are restriction enzymes that recognize longer and less frequent sequences in DNA. - These enzymes cut DNA at specific recognition sites, usually 6 to 8 base pairs long. 2. Eco R I is a rare cutter. - It recognizes the specific sequence 5'-GAATTC-3', which occurs less frequently in the genome compared to shorter recognition sequences. 3. Rare cutters are useful in genome mapping and cloning. - They generate larger DNA fragments, making them ideal for analyzing larger genomic regions. 4. Options like Hae III and Alu I are frequent cutters. - They recognize shorter sequences and cut more frequently, producing smaller fragments. 5. Option D is correct as Eco R I is classified as a rare cutter due to its longer recognition sequence.

1. Splicing of proteins refers to the process where specific sequences within a protein are removed and the remaining parts are joined together. 2. Inteins are the parts removed during protein splicing. - They are internal protein sequences that excise themselves from a precursor protein. 3. Exteins are the remaining protein sequences. - These sequences are joined together to form the functional protein after the removal of inteins. 4. Protein splicing is an autocatalytic process. - It does not require external enzymes and occurs naturally in some organisms. 5. Option D is correct because inteins are removed during protein splicing, leaving exteins to form the final protein.

Gene cloning is like making photocopies of a specific gene. To do this, we need some important tools. A vector is like a vehicle that carries the gene we want to copy. Think of it as a special type of DNA that can easily enter a cell. A host is the living organism (like a bacteria) that will receive the gene and make many copies of it. It's where our copied gene will live and multiply. Restriction enzymes are like molecular scissors. They cut the DNA at specific spots, allowing us to precisely insert our gene into the vector. DNase is an enzyme that breaks down DNA. In gene cloning, we want to preserve the DNA, not destroy it, so we don't need DNase. It would actually prevent the cloning process from working properly. Therefore, the answer is D: DNase because it is not needed for gene cloning.

1. β-keratin is tough and insoluble. - It is a fibrous structural protein found in the epidermal tissues of reptiles and birds. 2. It provides mechanical strength and water resistance. - This property makes it suitable for forming scales, feathers, and claws. 3. β-keratin differs from α-keratin. - While α-keratin is softer and more flexible, β-keratin is tougher and more rigid due to its unique structure. 4. Option C is correct as β-keratin is tough and insoluble, which aligns with its biological function.

DNA probes is the correct answer to “Disease causing organisms are identified by using”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Glycosidic bond is the correct answer to “The bond between suger and nitrogenous base in case of DNA is known as”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

MAC is the correct answer to “Which among the following is not used as vector for gene cloning”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Anaerobic in nature is the correct answer to “Methanogenic bacteria are”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Acetyl Co A is the correct answer to “The connecting molecule between Glycolysis and TCA cycle is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Their genome is methylated is the correct answer to “Bacteria possessing restriction enzymes get not affected because”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Callus is the correct answer to “Non-organized mass of cell is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

All of the above is the correct answer to “Operon comprise of”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Replicon, unique restriction site and selectable marker is the correct answer to “Essential constituents of a cloning vector are”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

HSA is degraded by plant enzymes if expressed in cytoplasm is the correct answer to “When producing human serum albumin (HSA) in transgenic plants, what would be an advantage of incorporating the transgene into the chloroplast genome”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Basic is the correct answer to “Histone proteins are . . . . . . . . in nature”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Antisense technology is the correct answer to “The method used to produce Flavr-Savr tomato is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Cucumis is the correct answer to “Exogenous application of Gibberellins induces male flowers formation on genetically female plants in”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Ethylene is the correct answer to “A natural Plant growth regulator is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

IF3 is the correct answer to “The factor which prevent premature association of small and large subunit is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

DNA Pol δ is the correct answer to “Eukaryotic DNA replicaiton is carried out by”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Carboxyl side of Lys and Arg is the correct answer to “The trypsin cleaves”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Serine is the correct answer to “Which among the following is released in photorespiration”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Both A and B is the correct answer to “Free living aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

D1 protein of photosystem II is the correct answer to “The high light intensity can damage”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Oxygen is the correct answer to “Nitrogenase enzyme is sensitive to”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Auxin and Cytokinin is the correct answer to “In tissue culture regeneration of shoot and root occurs by manipulating the balance of”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

12 is the correct answer to “The number of base pairs per turn in Z DNA is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Carbon oxide -43°C is the correct answer to “For cryopreservation, cooling agent is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Riboflavin is the correct answer to “FMN is synthesized from”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

16 is the correct answer to “The number of ATPs consumed in nitrogen fixation is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Gene cloning is the correct answer to “The isolation and production of indefinite number of copies of a single gene is called”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

GT GT GT GT is the correct answer to “One of the following would be called VNTR”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

STRs is the correct answer to “Microsatellites are also known as”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Biotin is the correct answer to “The prosthetic group for Pyruvate carboxylase is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

All to the above is the correct answer to “Which gene is used for development of salt tolerant crops”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

All of the above is the correct answer to “The most commonly used biotic elicitors for secondary metabolite production is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Hydrathodes is the correct answer to “Guttation occurs through”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Linoleic acid is the correct answer to “Omega 6 fatty acid is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.

Arginine is the correct answer to “Which of the following amino acid participate in urea cycle”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Agricultural Biotechnology.