Education Abbreviations — Part 1 MCQs with Explanations

A grade point average is a number representing the average value of the accumulated final grades earned in courses over time. More commonly called a GPA, a student's grade point average is calculated by adding up all accumulated final grades and dividing that figure by the number of grades awarded.

A learning management system is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, automation and delivery of educational courses, training programs, or learning and development programs. The learning management system concept emerged directly from e-Learning.

According to the Indira Gandhi National Open University Act, 1985 (IGNOU Act 1985), the Distance Education Council (DEC) was established in 1991 to be responsible for the promotion and coordination of the Open University and Distance Education system and for the maintenance of its standards.

Adapted from the College Student Experiences Questionnaire (CSEQ), the College Student Expectations Questionnaire (CSXQ) is designed to evaluate new student expectations for college including their goals, motivations, and future plans. Longitudinal assessments are possible by comparing results from the CSXQ with data from the CSEQ completed by the same students near the end of the first year or later in the college experience.

American College Personnel Association is a major student affairs association headquartered in Washington, D.C. at the National Center for Higher Education. Founded in 1924 by May L. Cheney, ACPA has 7,500 members representing 1,200 private and public institutions from across the U.S. and around the world. Members include organizations and companies that are engaged in the campus marketplace.

An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. The abbreviation "IQ" was coined by the psychologist William Stern for the German term Intelligenzquotient, his term for a scoring method for intelligence tests at University of Breslau he advocated in a 1912 book.

Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a hearing problem that affects about 3% - 5% of school-aged children. Kids with this condition, also known as central auditory processing disorder (CAPD), can't understand what they hear in the same way other kids do. This is because their ears and brain don't fully coordinate.

Bachelor of Library and Information Science (BLIS), is an Undergraduate professional Degree Program in India. The course is designed to prepare candidates with adequate knowledge and skill related to the tools and techniques, information handling requires for the profession.

Basic interpersonal communicative skills are language skills needed to interact in social situations, for example, when chatting to a friend. BICS refers primarily to context-bound, face-to-face communication, like the language first learned by toddlers and preschoolers, which is used in everyday social interaction.

Central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) are a collection of conditions in which the ability to detect sounds, localize their sources, or determine their identity and meaningfulness is impaired due to a functional compromise of the central auditory nervous system by disease, damage, or maldevelopment. Symptoms of CAPDs range from subtle difficulties understanding speech in a noisy environment to a complete inability to extract meaning from speech, identify environmental sounds, or appreciate music.

Cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) is a language-related term developed by Jim Cummins which refers to formal academic learning, as opposed to BICS. In schools today, the terms BICS and CALP are most frequently used to discuss the language proficiency levels of students who are in the process of acquiring a new language. These students typically develop proficiency in BICS well before they acquire a strong grasp of CALP or academic language. As a result, students may initially appear fully proficient and fluent, while still struggling with significant language gaps.

College Reading & Learning Association (CRLA) is a group of student - oriented professionals active in the fields of reading, learning assistance, developmental education, tutoring, and mentoring at the college/adult level. CRLA’s most vital function and overall purpose is to provide a forum for the interchange of ideas, methods, and information to improve student learning and to facilitate the professional growth of its members.

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India, a premier national R&D organisation, is among the world's largest publicly funded R&D organisation. CSIR's pioneering sustained contribution to S&T human resource development is acclaimed nationally. Human Resource Development Group (HRDG), a division of CSIR realises this objective through various grants, fellowship schemes etc.

Curriculum Design and Development Committee (CDDC) of every Faculty of the University does curricular planning and implement strategies, develops innovative academic programmes as per speciality of the University and need, identifies emerging areas of academic engagement, decides whether academic programmes and courses are narrowly focused or adequately diversed revises of curriculum on periodic basis and follows feedback mechanism on curricular aspects.

Developmental education is a comprehensive research-based framework that empowers underprepared learners to achieve intellectual, social and emotional growth. Developmental education includes, but is not limited to, instruction, coursework, tutoring, personal counseling, career counseling and academic advisement.

Educational Testing Service (ETS) is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to help advance quality and equity in education by providing fair and valid assessments, research, and related services.

Educators and Health care professionals break mental handicap into multiple levels of need, based on the testable IQ of the person in question, and the resulting level of need they experience. High functioning individuals with a lower than average IQ fall into a classification known as educable mentally handicapped or educable mentally retarded.

English as a second or foreign language is the use of English by speakers with different native languages. Language education for people learning English may be known as English as a second language, English as a foreign language, English as an additional language, or English for speakers of other languages.

Founded in 1920, The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) is the world's largest mathematics education organization. NCTM holds annual national and regional conferences for teachers and publishes five journals.

ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing. Although there is no single, universal definition of ICT, the term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components, applications and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact in the digital world.

Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) was established in the year of 1969 by the Government of India to promote research in social sciences in the country. ICSSR provide grants for projects, fellowships, international collaboration, capacity building, survey, publications etc. to promote research in social sciences in India.

KWL, which stands for know, wonder and learn, is a fun and effective learning strategy that gets students engaged in a new unit by plugging it into what they already know.

Library and information science is a branch of academic disciplines that deals generally with organization, access, collection, and protection/regulation of information, whether in physical or digital forms.

Limited English Proficiency (LEP) is a term used in the United States that refers to a person who is not fluent in the English language, often because it is not their native language. Both LEP and English-language learner are terms used by the Office for Civil Rights, a sub-agency of the U.S. Department of Education.

Management by Objectives (MBO) is a strategic approach to enhance the performance of an organization. It is a process where the goals of the organization are defined and conveyed by the management to the members of the organization. Organizational structures with the intention to achieve each objective.

Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVEs) are environments that have been digitally created to allow users, through the use of avatars, to interact with each other and the digital environment. MUVEs can be seen as an extension of problem-based learning as MUVEs often present an ill-defined problem with many solutions.

National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) is a statutory body of Indian government set up under the National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 in 1995 is to formally oversee standards, procedures and processes in the Indian education system. This council functions for the central as well as state governments on all matter with regard to the Teacher Education and its secretariat is located in the Department of Teacher Education and National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT).

National Institute for Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), located at New Delhi, India, was an information science institute in India founded in 2002. In 2021, the institute was merged with National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies to form National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research. It operated under the umbrella of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) that comprise 38 other labs and institutes in India. The institute published several academic journals and magazines.

National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC), was established in 1970 as a Division of the ICSSR with the objective to provide library and information support services to researchers in social sciences; those working in academic institutions, autonomous research organisations, policy making, planning and research units of government departments, business and industry etc.

Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation (RRRLF) is a central autonomous organization established and fully financed by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. RRRLF is registered under the West Bengal Societies Registration Act, 1961. It is the nodal agency of the Government of India to support public library services and systems and promote public library movement in the country commensurate with the objectives as embodied in its Memorandum of Association.

The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is a statutory body, and a national-level council for technical education, under the Department of Higher Education. Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body and later on in 1987 given statutory status by an Act of Parliament, AICTE is responsible for proper planning and coordinated development of the technical education and management education system in India.

The American Educational Research Association, or AERA, is a professional organization representing education researchers in the United States and around the world. As a nonprofit serving the education research field, AERA strives to advance knowledge about education and promote the use of research in practice.

The American Psychological Association (APA) is the largest scientific and professional organization of psychologists in the United States, with over 122,000 members, including scientists, educators, clinicians, consultants, and students.

The Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) is an American non-profit organisation to promote good practice in library and information science in educational establishments.

The Bar Council of India is a statutory body established under the section 4 of Advocates Act 1961 that regulates the legal practice and legal education in India. Its members are elected from amongst the lawyers in India and as such represents the Indian bar. It prescribes standards of professional conduct, etiquettes and exercises disciplinary jurisdiction over the bar.

The Certificate Course in Library and Information Science (CLIS) is being launched with an objective to cater to the staffing needs of rural libraries as well as for imparting basic skills and training in library management.

The Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (CAS) is a consortium of 41 higher education professional associations representing over 115,000 professionals, many with international constituencies, that promotes the development of standards in student affairs, student services, and student development programs. CAS was established in 1979 with the purpose of helping to foster and enhance student learning, development, and achievement at institutions of higher education.

The Department of Library and Information Science (DLIS) was one of the first six departments which started its functioning from 1985-86 academic session with one year BLISc course and the MLISc course was started from the session 1986-87. The initiative might have been based on the foresight about the predicted huge demand of information professionals which is now a reality. Our students are devoted to help people to manage information overload, connect people with the information resources and information technology that they need in order to achieve their goals, whether those goals are personal, community, corporate, government, or global.

The Documentation Research and Training Centre (DRTC), established in 1962 by Prof. S. R. Ranganathan is an internationally recognized centre for advanced training and research in Library and Information Science. DRTC is a unit under the Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore Centre.

The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) is an online digital library of education research and information. ERIC is sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences of the United States Department of Education.