Climate And Weather In Indian Geography — Part 1 MCQs with Explanations

* Orographic rainfall happens when moist air is forced to rise over natural barriers like mountains. As the air rises, it cools , and the moisture condenses to form clouds and rain. This is the main reason for heavy rainfall in areas like the Western Ghats and the Himalayas . * Cyclonic rainfall is associated with cyclones . While India experiences cyclones, they don't account for the majority of the country's rainfall. * Convectional rainfall occurs when the ground is heated , causing air to rise. This is more common in hotter regions , but not the primary source of India's overall rainfall. * Elusive means difficult to find or catch, which doesn't relate to rainfall types. Therefore, since mountain ranges significantly influence rainfall patterns across large parts of India, orographic rainfall is the most accurate answer.

Rainfall in India is not associated with anticyclones. An 'anticyclone' is opposite to a cyclone, in which winds move into a low-pressure area. In an anticyclone, winds move out from a high-pressure area with wind direction clockwise in the northern hemisphere, anti-clockwise in the southern hemisphere.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands receives rainfall from both the South-West and North-West monsoons. Southwest monsoon has covered the Nicobar Islands and the entire south Andaman Sea.

The following characteristics that are associated with the dry monsoon forest of India are mango, mahua, sisam and keeker are the prominent trees and thorny shrubs and grassland. Monsoon forest, also called dry forest or tropical deciduous forest, open woodland in tropical areas that have a long dry season followed by a season of heavy rainfall.

The Paddy fields of India are located in the areas of annual rainfall 100cm. Paddy has become an important crop of Punjab and Haryana. It requires high humidity with an annual rainfall above 100 cm.

Western Ghats gets first monsoon in summer. As the summer (wet) monsoons approach the West Coast of India, they rise up the western Ghats (mountains) and the air cools.

The northeastern hills that block the South West Monsoon winds and cause heavy rains in Assam are Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills.

The average annual temperature of a meteorological station is 26°C, its average annual rainfall is 63 cm and the annual range of temperature is 9°C. The station in question is Chennai.

The reason for Rajasthan being deficient in rainfall is the winds do not come across any barrier to cause necessary uplift to be cooled. There are multiple reasons behind Rajasthan receiving scanty rainfall. Firstly the Arabian Sea Branch of South West Monsoon that causes rains in Western and South-Western India runs parallel to the Aravalli range and thus hardly causes any rainfall as the winds do not get interrupted.

The extreme of temperature between summer and winter is quite low in southern part of peninsular India mainly because the adjoining oceans moderate the temperature. The southern parts of the country are distinctly warmer in March and April whereas in June, north India has higher temperatures. In March, the highest temperatures occur in the southern parts (40-45°C).

In the months of October and November the south west monsoon traces its path backward and is known as retreat of monsoon. It hits the Coromandel coast and brings a considerable amount of rainfall. This is also known as north-east monsoon.

For short-term climatic predictions, El Nino and southern oscillations, detected in the last decade, is associated with occasional weak monsoon rains in the Indian subcontinent. El Nino and the Southern Oscillation, also known as ENSO is a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature (El Nino) and the air pressure of the overlying atmosphere (Southern Oscillation) across the equatorial Pacific Ocean.

Punjab receives rainfall due to western disturbances. Western disturbances are extra tropical storms that originate over Mediterranean and flows toward east. In India western disturbances bring winter rainfall in states like Punjab, Haryanana and western Uttar Pradesh.

During the monsoon season rainfall decreases from the Ganga delta to the Punjab plains. It is because monsoon current moves westward along the Ganga plain and becomes drier.

The correct answer is Option A: 2, 4, 1, 3 Let's break down why by looking at how the South-West Monsoon affects each city: Kolkata (2): Receives the highest rainfall among these cities. It's located closer to the Bay of Bengal, where the monsoon originates, meaning it gets hit early and hard. Patna (4): Gets substantial rainfall, but less than Kolkata. The monsoon has travelled further inland by this point, losing some moisture. Allahabad (1): Receives less rainfall than Patna. The monsoon is even weaker as it moves further west. Delhi (3): Receives the least rainfall of the four from the South-West Monsoon. It's relatively far from the coast, and the monsoon currents have often dispersed or weakened by the time they reach Delhi. So, arranging them from most to least rainfall gives us: Kolkata > Patna > Allahabad > Delhi , which corresponds to the order 2, 4, 1, 3.

The western disturbances which cause winter rain in India originate in West Asia. An approaching western disturbance, however, is expected to cause a change of weather in northern and central India and western parts of Maharashtra. A WD is associated with rainfall, snowfall and fog in northern India. Upon its arrival in Pakistan and northern India, clouds along with rain and snow also arrive.

Leh region in Kashmir is a cold desert, the rainfall here is very less (<50cm). Meghalaya and Konkan coast receives heavy rainfall in monsoon (>200 cm) and Coromandel coast receives more than 100cm rain due to retreating monsoon.

Tamil Nadu receives the highest rainfall during winter months. Tamil Nadu lies on the windward side for these winds and hence gets more rainfall during the winter season. The air, over Siberia cools creating a high pressure area north of the Himalayas.

Mumbai receives more rainfall than Pune because it is located on the coast and Pune is in the interior. Mumbai lies on the windward side of Western Ghats while Pune is located on the leeward side. Windward refers to the direction from which the rain-bearing south west monsoon winds approach the land from sea.

The temperature of Thiruvananthapuram is lower than that of Mumbai in May and higher than that of Mumbai in January, because Thiruvananthapuram has higher rainfall in summer and it is nearer to the equator.

The south-west monsoon causes heavy rainfall in the Shillong plateau. Guwahati, being in the rain shadow of the Meghalaya plateau, receives only 1,717 mm of rain. About 90 % of the rain is received during the southwest summer monsoon, and June is by far the rainiest month. Shillong plateau with its southern limit marked by a 1,200-m-high scarp overlooking the Bangladesh plain receives very heavy rains.

The following that shows the correct sequence of places in descending order of the average summer rainfall are Cherapunji, Allahabad, Pune and Jaisalmer.

Tamil Nadu which lies on Coromandel coast receives rainfall during the winter season specially in months of October and November. This happens because it falls in the way retreating of north-east monsoonal winds.

During the months of October & November monsoon retreats from North India, meaning complete reversal of wind pattern. While movingas North-easterlies monsoon winds over Bay of Bengal they strike the Coromandal coast giving enormous rain to the region.

All the three statements are correct. Tamil Nadu is the only area which receives about half of its rainfall from north-east monsoon winds. Kerala is the only state receiving very heavy rainfall from the south-west monsoon winds. In India, the south-west monsoon is stronger than the north-east monsoon.

North eastern Himalayas and western Ghats are the regions in India having rainfall greater than 200 cm. Due to high temperature and high precipitation Rainforests exist in these places.

In the wet temperate forests at above 1500 m on the Nilgiris and Anaimalais, the Magnolias and Rhododendrons are commonly found.

Winter rains in North and North-West India are generally associated with the phenomenon of Temperate cyclones. In the winter season temperature cyclon occured in Arabean sea. This phenomenon led a rain in the North-West India.

The nature of the winter rainfall in north western India is cyclonic. Frontal (or Cyclonic) Rain is caused by cyclonic activity and it occurs along the fronts of the cyclone. It is formed when two masses of air of different temperature, humidity and density meets.

North Western India area of Indian subcontinent becomes the area of low pressure in summer. In summer season due to highly heated earth surface, air rises and north western India in particular becomes an area of low pressure of around 970mb.

In New Delhi the diurnal range of temperature is maximum. The mean annual temperature in New Delhi, India is fairly hot at 25.1° Celsius (77.2° Fahrenheit). There is a variation of mean monthly temperatures of 19.1°C (34.4°F) which is a slightly low range. The variation/ range of diurnal average temperatures is 12.3°C (22.1°F).

Chennai lies on Coromandal coast which liles parallel to south-west monsoon winds which blow off shore here. Also it is highly hot and humid region due to its proximity to the equator and sea.

Cherapunji receives more rainfall than Shillong because the air of different densities and temperature tends to converge towards Cherapunji from different direction during the rainy season. Cherrapunji receives both the southwest and northeast monsoonal winds, giving it a single monsoon season. It lies on the windward side of the Khasi Hills, so the resulting orographic lift enhances precipitation.

Taking into account the amount of rainfall occurring from June to September, the following is the correct order of cities in terms of rainfall Kolkata, Allahabad and then Ahmedabad.

Among the following places, Western Uttar Pradesh receives comparatively lowest average monsoon rainfall from June to September. Uttar Pradesh received lowest rainfall in prime monsoon.

The western coast of India receive very high rainfall in summer mainly due to Western Ghats. Due to the greater width of the mountains, the rain bearing winds have to necessarily travel a longer distance and have more time for the drops to coalesce and precipitate as rainfall, resulting in higher rainfall.

Among the following places, the average annual rainfall is highest at Shillong. The average annual temperature in Shillong is 17.1° C. Precipitation here averages 3385 mm.

A rainy day as defined by the Indian Meteorological department is a day when the rainfall at a point received is Above 2.5 mm in 24 hours. As per the IMD guidelines, rainfall amount recorded in a day should be 2.5 mm or more for considering a day as a rainy day.

Moisture carrying winds when travel from Guwahati to Chandigarh, blow over land and keep loosing their moisture content in the way without picking any new moisture that is why monsoon has a diminishing nature from Guwahati to Chandigarh.

The amount and intensity of monsoon rainfall is determined by the frequency of tropical depressions. A tropical depression forms when a low pressure area is accompanied by thunderstorms that produce a circular wind flow with maximum sustained winds below 39 mph.