Earth — Part 2 MCQs with Explanations

While longitudes are imaginary lines running from north to south pole and parallel to prime meridian. In total they are 360 in number. Longitudes are 360 and latitudes are 181.

The antipodal position of a place located at 35° south and 80° west is 35° north and 100° East.

International Date Line follows the meridian of 180° longitude down the middle of the Pacific Ocean for some time. In the north the date line turns to the east through the Bering Strait and then west past the Aleutian Islands in order to keep Alaska and Russia on opposite sides of the line.

The Earth's crust is composed of different types of rocks and minerals. The Earth's crust and upper mantle are collectively known as the lithosphere . This lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates, which float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below. The term 'Sima' stands for "silica + magnesium," referring to the composition of the rocks in the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. Silicates rich in magnesium are denser and heavier than those rich in other elements like aluminum. These heavier silicates, or 'Sima' , are most abundant in the ocean floors , which are part of the Earth's crust. The ocean floors are primarily composed of basaltic rocks , which are rich in magnesium and iron. These rocks make up the oceanic crust. Basalt is formed through volcanic activity at mid-ocean ridges and is a type of 'Sima' material. In contrast, the continental crust is composed of lighter silicates known as 'Sial' , which stands for "silica + aluminum." These lighter silicates are less dense and make up the landmasses and continental areas. So, the correct answer, 'Option D: Ocean floors' , reflects the abundance of 'Sima' (silica + magnesium) in the composition of oceanic crust, making it the most suitable option.

The process of water getting evaporated from the surface of leaves is known as Transpiration.

The correct sequence of the following in the context of the age of the earth since its origin are Protozoic, Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

On the 21st of June, 2021 just before 5 p.m. AEST, Australians will bid farewell to the shortest day for the year.

The International Date Line (IDL) is an important concept in geography that helps define where one calendar day ends and the next begins. Let's analyze the given options: Statement 1: It is a longitude of 180°. Correct. The International Date Line is often positioned along the 180° meridian of longitude. Statement 2: It is determined by 180° longitude but is not a straight line. Correct. This statement is accurate. The International Date Line is not a straight line due to adjustments made to avoid dividing land areas and nations. Statement 3: It is a Greenwich meridian helping in fixing time and date. Incorrect. The International Date Line is not a Greenwich meridian. It serves a distinct purpose of separating different calendar days. Statement 4: It solves the problem of time and date among the World's nations. Correct. The International Date Line indeed helps address the challenge of coordinating time and date differences across the world, ensuring a systematic transition from one day to another. Based on the explanations provided, the correct options are E: 1, 2, and 4 . The International Date Line is a longitude of 180°, determined by 180° longitude but not a straight line, and it helps solve the problem of time and date coordination among different nations.

The desert regions of the world occupy about 1/3 part of the land surface of the earth.

Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Oxygen makes up 467,100 ppm (parts per million) of the Earth's crust, or 46.6%.

Antipodes are two points that are opposite to one another on the surface of the earth and are connected by a straight line that runs through the Earth's center.

Oblate Spheroid is a term that has been used to describe the shape of the Earth. The Earth is not a sphere.

The statements are correct are Earth's polar diameter is about 43 km shorter than its equatorial diameter and Earth has a total surface area of 510 million sq.km.

Venus is nearly as big as the Earth. As it is very similar to Earth in terms of size, average density, mass & surface gravity. It is also known as Earth's twin.

The amount of insolation received at a place on the surface of the earth depends on its latitude and its climate.

Latitude is an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the Equator. It is the angular distance of a point on Earth's surface from Equator.

An aeroplane takes off from 30° N latitude, 50° E longitude and lands at the opposite end of the earth. It will land 30° S Lat., 130° W Long.

One degree of the circumference of the earth measures(approx) 111 km.

Earth's rotation is the rotation of Planet Earth around its own axis. Earth rotates eastward, in prograde motion. As viewed from the north pole star Polaris, Earth turns counter clockwise.

Earth has seasons because our planet's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of 23.5° relative to our orbital plane – the plane of Earth's orbit around the sun.

An annular solar eclipse (left) occurs when the Moon is too far away to completely cover the Sun's disk.

It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ). The longitude of other places is measured as the angle east or west from the Prime Meridian, ranging from 0° at the Prime Meridian to +180° eastward and −180° westward.

Bridgmanite is the most abundant mineral in the mantle. The proportions of bridgmanite and calcium perovskite depends on the overall lithology and bulk composition.

When Earth passes directly between Sun and Moon, its shadow creates a lunar eclipse. Lunar eclipses can only happen when the Moon is opposite the Sun in the sky, a monthly occurrence we know as a full Moon.

Sidereal time is time measured with respect to the apparent motion of the 'fixed' stars in the sky due to the Earth's rotation.

The earth is tilted on its axis, because of which very poor sunlight is allowed to reach the north and south poles. When the north pole is tilted towards the sun,it experiences continuous day light for six months. And when the pole is tilted on the other side, it experiences continuous night for six months.

In Asia, Tropic of Cancer passes through Myanmar, Oman, Bangladesh, India, Saudi Arabia, China, United Arab Emirates and Taiwan. Hence, The Tropic of cancer does not pass through Pakistan.

Sunlight travels at the speed of light. Photons emitted from the surface of the Sun need to travel across the vacuum of space to reach our eyes. The short answer is that it takes sunlight an average of 8 minutes and 20 seconds to travel from the Sun to the Earth.

Continetal Drift theory was proposed by Alfred wegner in 1912. It stated that continents have changed their position and initially there was only one big continent named Pangea. Although he was unable to explain the force behind the drifting of continents.

Shield is the region of stable landmass occupied by resistant rocks of igneous origin, showing resistant to geomorphic processes e.g. Canadian Shield.

Roughly, 0.47 percent of insolation reaches the Earth's surface. The rest is either reflected and scattered back to space through its interaction with clouds, water vapour, dust and pollen, known collectively as aerosols or it is absorbed by clouds and gaseous elements and hence heats the atmosphere.

Earth rotates eastward, in prograde motion. As viewed from the north pole star Polaris, Earth turns counter clockwise. The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

The Equator is exactly halfway in between the poles. So it wouldn't make any sense for a day on the equator to be longer when one of the poles is tilted towards the Sun, and shorter when the other one is. The days and nights remain equal here throughout the year.

If the earth's axis had not been inclined the seasons would not have occurred and poles would not have a continuous day.

The sun is never overhead at any time in the North Temperate Zone, South Temperate Zone and North Frigid Zone.

The earth revolves round the sun and rotates round its own axis. The rotation of the earth causes day and night.

The International Date Line isn't a fixed line at all, but actually sort of follows the 180° longitude line, zigzagging its way through a bunch of small islands, territories and nations.

Latitude affects temperature. One of the primary factors affecting the unequal heating of the Earth's atmosphere is latitude. Latitude is the measurement of the distance of a location on the Earth from the equator. The further away from the equator that a location resides, the less sunlight that this location receives.

Dolomite, also known as "dolostone" and "dolomite rock," is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of the mineral dolomite, CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 . Dolomite is found in sedimentary basins worldwide. It is thought to form by the post depositional alteration of lime mud and limestone by magnesium - rich groundwater.

Null Island is a name for the area around the point where the prime meridian and the equator cross, located in the Gulf of Guinea (South Atlantic Ocean) off the west African coast. It has geographical position of 0° latitude and 0° longitude