World Agriculture_ Minerals And Industries — Part 2 MCQs with Explanations

The climate of a place is decided by Proximity to the sea, Altitude and Latitude. Latitude, or how far one is from the equator, greatly affects the climate and weather of an area. If you live close to the equator, the climate will be warmer, while moving north or south from the equator brings a cooler climate. Altitude, or how high one is above sea level, has a similar effect–the higher the elevation, the colder the climate.

Clearing interrupts the critical nutrient cycle and leads to soil leaching when the rain forest is cleared. Soil leaching refers is the movement of nutrient elements from topsoil through the soil profile. Leaching causes significant nutrient losses, particularly in humid regions with high precipitation.

Among foodgrains, international trade of rice is quite small because major producer regions are major consumers also.

1. "The winds are divergent, and spiral out from the centre of high pressure": This statement is correct . Anticyclones are areas of high atmospheric pressure where the air descends from above. As the air descends, it spreads out horizontally, leading to divergent winds that spiral outwards from the center of high pressure. 2. "The air moves clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and anticlockwise in Southern Hemisphere": This statement is incorrect . In the Northern Hemisphere, the air around an anticyclone moves clockwise, while in the Southern Hemisphere, it moves anticlockwise. This direction of movement is due to the Coriolis effect, which is a result of Earth's rotation. 3. "It is accompanied by heavy rainfall": This statement is incorrect . Anticyclones are generally associated with fair and dry weather conditions. The descending air in an anticyclone suppresses the upward movement of moist air, leading to clear skies and lower chances of precipitation. 4. "A sudden rise in barometric reading heralds the approach of anticyclone": This statement is correct . An anticyclone is often characterized by high atmospheric pressure at the surface. As an anticyclone approaches, the barometric (atmospheric pressure) reading tends to rise, indicating the presence of the high-pressure system. In summary, anticyclones are areas of high pressure where air descends and spreads out, leading to divergent winds. The air movement is clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and anticlockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Anticyclones are associated with fair and dry weather, and a sudden rise in barometric reading indicates their approach. Therefore, the correct answer is Option A, which means only Statements 1 and 4 are correct regarding anticyclones.

All the statements are correct associated with Mediterranean climate: It is so named because it occurs extensively in the periphery of Mediterranean sea, These lands are exposed to hot, dry, land winds during the summer months and The seasonal range of temperatures is considerable less than that in other areas of corresponding latitudes.

The lowest winter temperature in the northern hemisphere is of Verkhoyansk. Oymyakon and Verkhoyansk are the only two permanently populated places in the world that have recorded temperatures below -60.0° C (-76.0° F) every day of January.

Chile falls in all three natural regions : Hot desert, Mediterranean and Cool temperate type of climate. Places with a tropical wet climate are also known as rain forests. These equatorial regions have the most predictable weather on Earth, with warm temperatures and regular rainfall.

Most of the weather phenomena take place in the Troposphere. Most of the weather phenomena, systems, convection, turbulence and clouds occur in this layer, although some may extend into the lower portion of the stratosphere.

Tropical evergreen forests remain evergreen because shedding of leaves and simultaneous growth of new ones takes place throughout the year.

Central and western part of california experience mediterranean climate. The mild temperatures and winter rain of the Mediterranean climate support some of the highest species richness in the state. California's higher elevations, such as those found in the Modoc and Sierra regions, generally have two major climate types: a Cool Interior climate and a Highland climate.

The removal of rock, layer by layer due to weathering is called Exfoliation. Rocks are generally poor conductors of heat. The effect of daily heating and cooling is confined to surface layers of rocks. The outer layer of rock is heated up and expands during the day while the inner layer of rock remains cool. The outer layers eventually peel off (like an onion skin), exposing the inner layers to the surface for further exfoliation.

Cape Town region of South Africa has Mediterranean type of climate. Cape Town has a Mediterranean-style climate: wet and cool winters, dry and warm summers. The weather in Cape Town is influenced by two currents: the warm Agulhas current from the Indian Ocean side and the cold Benguela current on the Atlantic side.

Christmas is celebrated in summer in Australia because Christmas is celebrated everywhere on 25 December, and that date in most of Australia is in the summertime. And, for Christians at least, Christmas is fundamentally about the birth of Christ whenever that may have occurred and not about winter.

Rainfall in the doldrums is of the nature of Orographic precipitation. Orographic Rainfall is a form of precipitation where warm moist parcels of air from an ocean, Sea or lake rises over a barrier such as a mountain.

The Tundra Region gets no rainfall throughout the year. Rainfall and snowfall are generally slight due to the low vapor pressure of water in the chilly atmosphere, but as a rule potential evapotranspiration is extremely low, allowing soggy terrain of swamps and bogs even in places that get precipitation typical of deserts of lower and middle latitudes.

High mean temperature, high relative humidity and heavy rainfall (well distributed all over the year) are the characteristic features of the Equatorial region. A tropical rainforest climate is a tropical climate usually found within 10° to 15° latitude of the equator, and has at least 60 mm (2.4 inches) of rainfall every month of the year.

Contours' are lines connecting places having Equal height. Contour lines are isolines joining places that have the same height value. Another common isoline is the isobar, a line that joins places with the same atmospheric pressure.

The equatorial regions receive rainfall throughout the year. The annual rainfall is generally about 250 cms.

The Tropical Rain forest type of climate is characterised by Heavy rain and high temperatures throughout the year. Because tropical rain forests lie near the equator, the days do not get shorter in winter and longer in summer. A day has about 12 hours of sunlight throughout the year. The average rainfall in the rain forest is the highest for any ecoregion on Earth. The climate in tropical rain forests is constantly warm and moist.

After summer season the frequency of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal maximum because at that time their is high pressure area.

In the Mediterranean climate off-shore trade winds doesnot blow in the summer. In summer there is a dry, warm period. Due to the movement of the sun to the top of the tropic of cancer, a warm zone or low pressure region is built on the Mediterranean region and so rain bearing winds are not seen here. But offshore trade winds blow here which don't bring much precipitation.

Chemical weathering includes Solution, oxidation and reduction. Chemical weathering is the weakening and subsequent disintegration of rock by chemical reactions.

Chemical weathering is a name given to Chemical interaction of oxygen, carbon dioxide or water with the minerals in the rocks. Chemical weathering changes the molecular structure of rocks and soil. For instance, carbon dioxide from the air or soil sometimes combines with water in a process called carbonation. This produces a weak acid, called carbonic acid, that can dissolve rock.

The climate best suited for horticulture is Mediterranean. It includes the cultivation of medicinal plants, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and non-food crops such as grass and ornamental trees and plants.

Campos and Savanna are tropical grassland. Campos refers to grasslands or pastures with a vegetation cover comprising mainly grasses and herbs; scattered small shrubs and trees are occasionally found, generally by the banks of streams. A savanna is a rolling grassland scattered with shrubs and isolated trees, which can be found between a tropical rainforest and desert biome. Not enough rain falls on a savanna to support forests. Savannas are also known as tropical grasslands.

Summer rains in Australia broadly decreases from North to south. When long dry periods are interrupted by welcome periods of wet weather, the rain is more likely to fall as heavy downpours than as extended drizzle.

Although the equatorial regions have the highest annual average temperatures, the salinity in the oceans is highest near the tropics because equatorial areas receive heavy rainfall, salinity is not affected by temperature and high relative humidity in equatorial areas checks evaporation

The main reason for the formation of African and Eurasian desert belt is that It is located in the sub-tropical high pressure cells.

The Veld grassland of South Africa experiences the Steppe climate. A steppe is a dry, grassy plain. Steppes occur in temperate climates, which lie between the tropics and polar regions. Temperate regions have distinct seasonal temperature changes, with cold winters and warm summers.

Oxidation is a chemical weathering process. Oxidation is the reaction of a substance with oxygen. This is the process that causes rust. When iron in rocks reacts with oxygen, it forms iron oxide, which weakens the rock. Carbonation is the mixing of water with carbon dioxide to make carbonic acid.

In USA, North-western regions Receives heavy rainfall throughout the year under the influence of Westerlies. The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30° and 60° latitude. They originate from the high-pressure areas in the horse latitudes and trend towards the poles and steer extratropical cyclones in this general manner.

The mode or life or people living in Monsoon regions is intensive subsistence cultivation. It is a type of farming different from subsistence as more chemical fertilizers and modern means of agriculture are practised intensively by a individual farmer working on a small field.

ITCZ i.e. Inter Tropical Convergence Zone is a low pressure belt generally near the equator. As trade winds converge in this zone and it is relatively a calm zone it is also known as doldrum.

With the movement of sun between the tropics, the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) i.e. equatorial low also shifts leading to shifting of trade winds (Monsoon winds). Hence, their direction changes.

A line drawn on a weather map connecting points that receive equal amounts of sunshine are Isohel. Joins points where the amount of sunshine is the same.

Diurnal temperature difference represent the daily range of temperature in a given region/ location. Desert has maximum diurnal temperature range as the sand absorb and loose heat very quickly and is unable to store heat for long time.

Monsoon wind is different from planetary winds because it is seasonal. the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter. (in India and nearby lands) the season during which the southwest monsoon blows, commonly marked by heavy rains; rainy season.

The Mediterranean lands are' often called the World's Orchard lands. Mediterranean regions are known as the 'orchards of the world' because of their fruit cultivation. The trees in this region adapt themselves to the dry summers with the help of their thick barks and wax coated leaves which reduce transpiration.

Any type of rainfall has ascent of air leading to cooling and condensation. water becomes precipitation, which is water falling from the clouds as rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail.

Wind is not essential for the formation of rainfall. The most important factor influencing rainfall is evaporation, which is the beginning of the cycle itself. The water vapor forms into clouds which drop their moisture and start the whole cycle over again.