Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology — Part 2 MCQs with Explanations
Practice high-yield Psychology MCQs on Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology — Part 2 with worked academic solutions for CSS, PMS, PPSC, FPSC.
Questions
40
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Verified for Commission Syllabus • Oct 14, 2026
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Question 1 of 40
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Researchers who use narrative records seek to provide a verbal summary of observations and to develop a theory that explains behaviour in the narrative records. This approach to data analysis represents
Correct Answer: Option A — qualitative data analysis with comprehensive recording of behaviour
Detailed Academic Explanation:
qualitative data analysis with comprehensive recording of behaviour is the correct answer to “Researchers who use narrative records seek to provide a verbal summary of observations and to develop a theory that explains behaviour in the narrative records. This approach to data analysis represents”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 2 of 40
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Consider the following statements A control group is 1. a condition of the independent variable that receives treatment. 2. a condition of the independent variable that does not receive treatment. 3. used for comparison purposes of the statements. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: Option C — 2 and 3
Detailed Academic Explanation:
2 and 3 is the correct answer to “Consider the following statements A control group is 1. a condition of the independent variable that receives treatment. 2. a condition of the independent variable that does not receive treatment. 3. used for comparison purposes of the statements. Which of the statements given above is/are correct”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 3 of 40
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Which among the following are part of S-O-R model?
Correct Answer: Option D — All of these
Detailed Academic Explanation:
All of these is the correct answer to “Which among the following are part of S-O-R model”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 4 of 40
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The influence that an observer has on the behaviour under observation is called
Correct Answer: Option A — Reactivity
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Reactivity is the correct answer to “The influence that an observer has on the behaviour under observation is called”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 5 of 40
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Match the following: List-I (Nature of Variance) List-II (Source of Variance) A. Systematic variance 1. Methodological artifacts B. Error variance 2. Effect of IV C. Extraneous variance 3. Uncontrolled factors
Correct Answer: Option C — A-1, B-2, C-3
Detailed Academic Explanation:
A-1, B-2, C-3 is the correct answer to “Match the following: List-I (Nature of Variance) List-II (Source of Variance) A. Systematic variance 1. Methodological artifacts B. Error variance 2. Effect of IV C. Extraneous variance 3. Uncontrolled factors”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 6 of 40
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Which research has the purpose to focus on 'how' and 'what' question?
Correct Answer: Option C — Descriptive research
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Descriptive research is the correct answer to “Which research has the purpose to focus on 'how' and 'what' question”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 7 of 40
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The number of family members constitutes which of the following variables?
Correct Answer: Option A — Discrete variable
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Discrete variable is the correct answer to “The number of family members constitutes which of the following variables”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 8 of 40
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Which of the following are the techniques to control extraneous variables? 1. Elimination 2. Balancing 3. Constancy in the condition 4. Randomisation 5. Theoretical consideration 6. Counter balancing Select the correct answer:
Correct Answer: Option C — 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6
Detailed Academic Explanation:
1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 is the correct answer to “Which of the following are the techniques to control extraneous variables? 1. Elimination 2. Balancing 3. Constancy in the condition 4. Randomisation 5. Theoretical consideration 6. Counter balancing Select the correct answer:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 9 of 40
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In an experiment, after completing conditioning once, an injection of a drug affecting neuro transmitter substance was given to the affecting neuro transmitter substance was given to the subject. Then, the subject was conditioned again. In this experiment, what were bio-chemical changes treated as?
Correct Answer: Option D — Intervening variable
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Intervening variable is the correct answer to “In an experiment, after completing conditioning once, an injection of a drug affecting neuro transmitter substance was given to the affecting neuro transmitter substance was given to the subject. Then, the subject was conditioned again. In this experiment, what were bio-chemical changes treated as”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 10 of 40
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Which among the following is a study to evaluate the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else?
Correct Answer: Option A — Diagnostic research
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Diagnostic research is the correct answer to “Which among the following is a study to evaluate the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 11 of 40
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Which among the following is not a characteristics of research?
Correct Answer: Option C — It is based on presumptive evidence
Detailed Academic Explanation:
It is based on presumptive evidence is the correct answer to “Which among the following is not a characteristics of research”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 12 of 40
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Which among the following is an error in testing hypothesis?
Correct Answer: Option D — All of the above
Detailed Academic Explanation:
All of the above is the correct answer to “Which among the following is an error in testing hypothesis”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 13 of 40
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Which among the following are the characteristics of research?
Correct Answer: Option D — All of the above
Detailed Academic Explanation:
All of the above is the correct answer to “Which among the following are the characteristics of research”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 14 of 40
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A type of random sample often used to cover wide geographic areas in which aggregated units are randomly selected is known as
Correct Answer: Option C — Cluster sampling
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Cluster sampling is the correct answer to “A type of random sample often used to cover wide geographic areas in which aggregated units are randomly selected is known as”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 15 of 40
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Type E and type S variables are related to
Correct Answer: Option C — independent variable
Detailed Academic Explanation:
independent variable is the correct answer to “Type E and type S variables are related to”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 16 of 40
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Which among the following is an example of variable?
Correct Answer: Option D — All of these
Detailed Academic Explanation:
All of these is the correct answer to “Which among the following is an example of variable”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 17 of 40
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Research shows that the following does not contribute to teacher effectiveness.
Correct Answer: Option B — Use of ICT
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Use of ICT is the correct answer to “Research shows that the following does not contribute to teacher effectiveness.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 18 of 40
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A variable is best defined as
Correct Answer: Option C — any measurable attribute of objects, things or beings
Detailed Academic Explanation:
any measurable attribute of objects, things or beings is the correct answer to “A variable is best defined as”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 19 of 40
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Which among the following is not right about research?
Correct Answer: Option B — It does not require a specific problem
Detailed Academic Explanation:
It does not require a specific problem is the correct answer to “Which among the following is not right about research”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 20 of 40
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Which of the following statements are correct regarding primary research? 1. It is also known as field research. 2. It can be in numerous form that includes questionnaires and telephone interviews. Select the correct answer:
Correct Answer: Option C — Both 1 and 2
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Both 1 and 2 is the correct answer to “Which of the following statements are correct regarding primary research? 1. It is also known as field research. 2. It can be in numerous form that includes questionnaires and telephone interviews. Select the correct answer:”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 21 of 40
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Who said that "the hypothesis should be stated in the logical form on the general implications"?
Correct Answer: Option B — Russell
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Russell is the correct answer to “Who said that "the hypothesis should be stated in the logical form on the general implications"”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 22 of 40
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Expectancy bias is
Correct Answer: Option C — expectation to find specific outcomes
Detailed Academic Explanation:
expectation to find specific outcomes is the correct answer to “Expectancy bias is”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 23 of 40
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Giving proper acknowledgement or credit for all contributions to research is known as
Correct Answer: Option C — Respect for intellectual property
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Respect for intellectual property is the correct answer to “Giving proper acknowledgement or credit for all contributions to research is known as”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 24 of 40
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A hypothesis that specificies those values that are researcher believes to hold true are known as
Correct Answer: Option A — Alternative hypothesis
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Alternative hypothesis is the correct answer to “A hypothesis that specificies those values that are researcher believes to hold true are known as”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 25 of 40
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According to whom hypothesis is "a testable statement, of a potential relationship between two variables"?
Correct Answer: Option B — Mc Guigan
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Mc Guigan is the correct answer to “According to whom hypothesis is "a testable statement, of a potential relationship between two variables"”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 26 of 40
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Match the following: List-I (Variables) List-II (Property) A. Independent variable 1. Physical characteristics of apparatus B. Dependent variable 2. Variable manipulated by experimenter C. Task variable 3. Variable recorded by experimenter D. Extraneous variable 4. Variable controlled by the experiment
Correct Answer: Option A — A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
Detailed Academic Explanation:
A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4 is the correct answer to “Match the following: List-I (Variables) List-II (Property) A. Independent variable 1. Physical characteristics of apparatus B. Dependent variable 2. Variable manipulated by experimenter C. Task variable 3. Variable recorded by experimenter D. Extraneous variable 4. Variable controlled by the experiment”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 27 of 40
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A methods that clearly specify the probability or likelihood of inclusion of each element or individual in the sample.
Correct Answer: Option B — Probability sampling
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Probability sampling is the correct answer to “A methods that clearly specify the probability or likelihood of inclusion of each element or individual in the sample.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 28 of 40
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Which among the following are ethical principles of research?
Correct Answer: Option D — All of these
Detailed Academic Explanation:
All of these is the correct answer to “Which among the following are ethical principles of research”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 29 of 40
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The distinction between observation with intervention and observation without intervention is similar to the distinction between
Correct Answer: Option A — natural use traces and controlled use traces
Detailed Academic Explanation:
natural use traces and controlled use traces is the correct answer to “The distinction between observation with intervention and observation without intervention is similar to the distinction between”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 30 of 40
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The matched groups design ensures that the groups in the experiment are equivalent
Correct Answer: Option B — only on the matching task variable
Detailed Academic Explanation:
only on the matching task variable is the correct answer to “The matched groups design ensures that the groups in the experiment are equivalent”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 31 of 40
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Hypothesis can be classified as
Correct Answer: Option D — All of these
Detailed Academic Explanation:
All of these is the correct answer to “Hypothesis can be classified as”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 32 of 40
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The main difference between field studies and laboratory studies is that
Correct Answer: Option C — field study has limited scope to control the variables, while laboratory study has adequate scope to regorously control the variables
Detailed Academic Explanation:
field study has limited scope to control the variables, while laboratory study has adequate scope to regorously control the variables is the correct answer to “The main difference between field studies and laboratory studies is that”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 33 of 40
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According to Blalock most sampling methods could be classified into categories.
Correct Answer: Option C — Both A and B
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Both A and B is the correct answer to “According to Blalock most sampling methods could be classified into categories.”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 34 of 40
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Arrange the following in correct sequence related to research process. 1. Identifying the problem 2. Literature search 3. Collection of data 4. Formulating hypothesis 5. Formulating research design 6. Analysis data
Correct Answer: Option C — 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6
Detailed Academic Explanation:
1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6 is the correct answer to “Arrange the following in correct sequence related to research process. 1. Identifying the problem 2. Literature search 3. Collection of data 4. Formulating hypothesis 5. Formulating research design 6. Analysis data”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 35 of 40
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Who said "Variables may be defined as those attributes of objects, events, things and beings, which can be measured"?
Correct Answer: Option B — D'Amato
Detailed Academic Explanation:
D'Amato is the correct answer to “Who said "Variables may be defined as those attributes of objects, events, things and beings, which can be measured"”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 36 of 40
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Which of the following is correct about Independent variables?
Correct Answer: Option A — These are manipulated by the experimenter
Detailed Academic Explanation:
These are manipulated by the experimenter is the correct answer to “Which of the following is correct about Independent variables”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 37 of 40
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Which of the following points should be observed while selecting a research problem?
Correct Answer: Option C — Both A and B
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Both A and B is the correct answer to “Which of the following points should be observed while selecting a research problem”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 38 of 40
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Which among the following is/are correct about Dependent Variables?
Correct Answer: Option D — All of the above
Detailed Academic Explanation:
All of the above is the correct answer to “Which among the following is/are correct about Dependent Variables”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 39 of 40
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According to whom, "A sample is a smaller representative of a large whole"?
Correct Answer: Option A — Goode and Hatt
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Goode and Hatt is the correct answer to “According to whom, "A sample is a smaller representative of a large whole"”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
Question 40 of 40
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Which of the following is typically not one of the types of risk that may be present in psychological research?
Correct Answer: Option A — Economic
Detailed Academic Explanation:
Economic is the correct answer to “Which of the following is typically not one of the types of risk that may be present in psychological research”. This question is standard in competitive examination syllabi for Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology.
💡Key Conceptual Anchor:Research Methodology And Statistics In Psychology
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In competitive commission exams (FPSC, PPSC, KPPSC, SPSC, CSS, PMS), questions are frequently phrased with distractor options designed to catch rote learners. Whenever you answer an MCQ, read the Detailed Academic Explanation and Conceptual Anchor to understand why the remaining options are incorrect.