Environment And Ecology In Indian Geography — Part 2 MCQs with Explanations

Dachigam is a well known habitat for the Hangul (Kashmir Stag). They can be easily spotted in winters, when they hang out in the lower valleys. Other inhabitants at Dachigam are Musk deer, Brown Bear, Leopards, Jungle Cats, Himalayan black bear, and a few species of wild goat like the markhor and ibex.

Dachigam National Park located 22 km north of Srinagar in J & K has musk deer (Kasturi Mrig). Dachigam is made up of 10 Villages (Das Gaam).

Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers both National Parks are located in Uttarakhand state of India. Apart from a wide variety of flora these include fauna like Snow leopard & Asiatic black bear.

Heritiera Fomes (Sundari tree) is a type of mangrove tree mostly found in the Sundarban delta of Ganga Brahmaputra rivers. It constitutes over 70% of forest in this area.

The Nanda Devi National Park or Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, established in 1982 , is a national park situated around the peak of Nanda Devi (7816 m) in the state of Uttarakhand in northern India.

Dampha Tiger Reserve is the largest wildlife sanctuary of Mizoram. It is situated on the border of India with Banglades in western mizoram.

Western Ghats have around 1800 endemic species. Most of them are endangered due to human activities in the region. Hence, it is made the bio-diversity hot spot so as to save receding species of this region.

Manas Sanctuary is famous for elephants. It is situated in Assam. It is also famous for Project Tiger.

Gir forests are natural habitat of Asiatic lions. Its known as Gir Forest National Park & Wildlife Santuary. It is located in Kathiawar region of Gujarat.

Biosphere Reserve Areas are the regions established by Indian government as 'Biosphere Reserve' in accordance with IUCN Category-V Protected areas. These are larger areas of natural habitat including one or more National Parks accompanied by buffer zones. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was first of this kind.

Symbiotic bacteria responsible for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen are present in peas. The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria invade the root hairs of host plants, where they multiply and stimulate formation of root nodules, enlargements of plant cells and bacteria in intimate association.

In Chamba city of Himachal Pradesh Kugti Wildlife Sanctuary is located at altitude of about 2195m to 5040m. It is the largest sanctuary of Himachal Pradesh, It has snow leopard, musk marten brown langur etc.

Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Karnataka. Under the project tiger Anshi National Park and Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary were collectively declared as Dandeli National Park.

Chipko Andolan is also termed as Chipko Movement. It was a forest conservation movement in Garhwal Himalayas which started in 1973.

All the above given options are correct in terms of objective of biosphere reserve. hence (D) is right option. The objective of Biosphere Reserves are Preservation of flora and fauna of forest land, Research and Development of forest product and Research and Development of agro product.

Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for its tiger reserve, it lies in North-west of Nilgiri Hills(Blue Mountains), Tamil Nadu sharing its boundaries with Kerala & Karnataka.

Silent Valley has tropical rain forests and temperate forests in higher reaches which are rare in this region. Most plant species are endemic to Western Ghats. Similarly, NilgiriTahr, Nilgiri Langur, liun tailed macaque are all endangered fauna species which are rare to be found.

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is used for purifying not only domestic wastewater but also industrial wastewater. It can readily absorb, accumulate and concentrate heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury and nickel.

Largest number of orchids are produced by Sikkim in India, Arunachal Pradesh has the capability to surpass Sikkim in this aspect.

There are 18 biosphere reserves in India, of these only 4 are UNESCO acclaimed International Biosphere Reserves, These are Nanda Devi, Sundarban, Nilgiri & Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserves.

Wind Energy and Solar Energy is considered a Renewable Source of Energy. Renewable energy is any energy that comes from natural resources such as wind, water, sunlight and geothermal heat, which is heat that is retained in the earth.

Declared as 17th tiger reserve of India, Kalkad Mundathurai tiger reserve (KMTR) is the 2nd largest reserve area of Tamil Nadu. It was established in 1988.

All the given statements are correct. Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest National Park of India. It was one of the nine Tiger Reserves created at the launch of the Project Tiger in 1973. Initially it was named as 'Haile National Park'.

Melghat tiger reserve which is located in the Amravati district of Maharashtra was among the nine tiger reserves which were declared under the first phase of project tiger in 1973-74.

Indravati Tiger Reserve is located in Dantewada district of Chattisgarh. This National Park is the best potential habitat for the wild buffalo.

Simlipal tiger reserve (also a National Park) is situated in Mayurbhaj district of Odisha. This tiger reserve derived its name 'Similipal' form 'Simul' tree i.e. Silk Cotton tree.

Anamalai Tiger reserve is a 950 sq. km. reserve spread over Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu. It was declared a tiger reserve in 2007.

Periyar National Park is in Kerala in Western Ghats. It is also called Periyar Tiger Reserve, Apart tigers it has lion tailed macaques, leopards, Indian bison etc, To its North, it has 'Periyar lake'.

NEERI stands for National Environmental Engineering Research Institute which is run by Government of India. It is situated in Nagpur and was established in 1958. It has 5 laboratories at Kolkata, Hyderabad, Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai.

Kaziranga National Park (pronounced Assamese pronunciation) is a national park in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of the state of Assam, India. The sanctuary, which hosts two-thirds of the world's great one-horned rhinoceroses, is a World Heritage Site.

Panchmari Biosphere Reserve is located in midst of Satpura Ranges in Madhya Pradesh. It was designated as biosphere reserve in 2009 by UNESCO. It act as transition zone between forest species of western & eastern ghats. e.g. wild boar gaur, cheetal deer.

Gulf of Mannar is situated between Coromandal Coast of India & Sri Lanka. It is a shallow water zone. It has many endangered species which are native to this region. One such specie is dugong dugong, a herbivorous marine mammal.

Green Blue Algae is a new bio-fertilizers. Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, is one such example of a bio-fertilizer, a type of organic fertilizer which contains living organisms and harnesses naturally occurring inputs like solar energy, nitrogen, and water to ensure soil fertility and plant growth.

Water is abiotic i.e. non-living & renewable that is recyclable & reusable.

Silent valley is a National Park in Nilgiri Hills in Kerala's Palakkad District. It consists of tropical rain forests & moist deciduous forests. Alongwith Karimpuzha & Mukurthi National Park, it forms the part of Nilgiri International Biosphere Reserve.

Solar Energy non-conventional sources of energy holds out the maximum promise in India. Solar energy is harnessed by converting solar energy directly into electrical energy in solar plants. Photosynthesis process carries out this process of conversion of solar energy. In photosynthesis, green plants absorb solar energy and convert it into chemical energy. Solar energy is an essential energy of all non-conventional sources but its usage amount is very less. It is the most important non-conventional source of energy and it gives non-polluting environment-friendly output and is available in abundant.

An energy crisis is any significant bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, in particular those that supply national electricity grids or those used as fuel in vehicles.

Keibul Lamjao National Park is situated on Lake Loktak in Bishnupur district of Manipur state in NE India and is the only floating park in the world.

Botanical Garden is not a site for 'in-situ' method of conservation of flora. In-situ conservation is on site conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of tree species.

Khaziranga National Park with 2 / 3 rd of one horned rhinoceros of the world is the natural habitat of rhinoceros in India.