Pakistan Studies — Commission Past Papers — Part 2 MCQs with Explanations

Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan. Additional information : Karachi — approximately 18.87 million Lahore — approximately 13.00 million Faisalabad — approximately 3.69 million Rawalpindi — approximately 3.36 million Gujranwala — approximately 2.51 million

According to Article 49(1) of the Constitution of Pakistan , the Chairman Senate acts as President in the President’s absence. The term for members of the Senate is 6 years. The minimum age for senators is 30 years. Additional information : Speaker National Assembly as acting Prime Minister of Pakistan in the absence of PM .

The Supreme Commander of the Pakistan Armed Forces is the President of Pakistan . Constitutional provision: Article 243 of the Constitution of Pakistan deals with the command of the Armed Forces . Election: The President is indirectly elected by an Electoral College for a five-year term . Eligibility: The President must be a Muslim and at least 45 years old .

Mathematician Professor Muhammad Anwar suggested Pakistan Standard Time History On 15 September 1951, Pakistan introduced two time zones Karachi Time (KART) was used in West Pakistan (UTC+05:00) Dacca Time (DACT) was used in East Pakistan (UTC+06:00) Changes became effective on 30 September 1951 After B angladesh’s independence in 1971, Karachi Time was r enamed Pakistan Standard Time (PST) Additional information. Daylight saving time was formerly observed in Pakistan in 2002, 2008, and 2009. It is currently not observed Last updated by NS on 01 MAY 2026

Famous industries: Utensils, iron products, safes, and rice processing . Location: Punjab, Pakistan . Popular title: City of Wrestlers . Old name: Khanpur Shansi .

Balochistan is the second major supplier of natural gas in Pakistan. Additional information : Sindh is the largest producer of natural gas in the country. Natural gas was discovered at Sui , Balochistan , in 1952 . The Sui gas field is located in Dera Bugti District .

Lahore is generally identified as Pakistan’s second-largest city after Karachi . Additional information : Karachi — approximately 18.87 million Lahore — approximately 13.00 million Faisalabad — approximately 3.69 million Rawalpindi — approximately 3.36 million Gujranwala — approximately 2.51 million

Pakistan attended its first summit conference of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) as a full-fledged member in Havana on September 3, 1979. Additional information : Founded: 1961 Founding Conference: Belgrade, Serbia Members: 120 developing countries Headquarters: Jakarta, Indonesia Founding Leaders: Jawaharlal Nehru, Sukarno, Josip Broz Tito, Kwame Nkrumah, Gamal Abdel Nasser

An adverse balance of payments occurs when a country's total payments to other countries exceed its total receipts from them over a given period. Heavy government expenditure abroad can increase Pakistan's foreign exchange outflows and contribute to a balance-of-payments deficit. Other contributing factors may include high imports, low exports, foreign debt repayments, and limited foreign investment .

11 August 1947 : Quaid-e-Azam's address to the Constituent Assembly . Additional information : 23 March 1940 : Lahore Resolution passed. 14 August 1947 : Pakistan became independent. 12 March 1949 : Objectives Resolution passed. 23 March 1956 : Pakistan's first Constitution came into effect.

Kharian Cantonment is regarded as one of the largest cantonments in Pakistan. It is located near Kharian city, District Gujrat , Punjab . The cantonment was developed in the late 1950s with U.S. support. Additional information : Oldest cantonment: Sialkot Cantonment Cantonment Boards: 42 Karachi military cantonments: 6

Pakistan’s two-letter country code is PK. Pakistan’s international telephone calling code is +92 . Additional information : National Language: Urdu National Poet: Allama Muhammad Iqbal National Sport: Field Hockey National Fruit (summer): Mango National Mosque: Faisal Mosque, Islamabad

Pakistan Air Force Day (PAF) is celebrated on 7 September every year. Due to honor the achievements and sacrifices of the PAF in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 . It is observed one day after Defence Day . Additional information : 6 September : Defence Day (commemorates Pakistan Army’s role in 1965 war) 8 September : Navy Day (commemorates Pakistan Navy services)

The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan In memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Located in the city of Agra State: Uttar Pradesh River: Yamuna River Construction Started: 1632 Construction Completed: 1647 Height: Approximately 73 meters Architecture: Ustad Ahmad Lahori Material: Mainly white marble

The Tughlaq Dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1320 to 1414 CE . The dynasty was founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq in 1320 CE. Additional information : Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty : 1206–1290 CE Khalji Dynasty : 1290–1320 CE Sayyid Dynasty : 1414–1451 CE Lodi Dynasty : 1451–1526 CE

The Tughlaq Dynasty was a monarchy that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in India. Additional information : Founder: Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq Established: 1320 AD Last ruler: Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah Tughlaq End of dynasty: 1414 AD Famous ruler: Muhammad bin Tughlaq , known for his administrative experiments and token currency .

Osman I was the founder of the Ottoman Empire . He established the empire in 1299 AD . He was a Turkish tribal leader known as Osman Gazi . His reign lasted from 1299 to 1324 AD .

The largest river in Pakistan is the Indus River . It is the National River of Pakistan. Additional information: The Indus River starts in Tibet. It originates from the Mansarovar lake. They flow through India , Pakistan . It finally falls into the Arabian Sea near Karachi . They start making a delta near the city of Thatta. The old name of the Indus River was Sindhu . There are 6 Barrages constructed in the Indus River . The length of the Indus River is 3,180 km . The 2nd source of Indus River is Gar Tsangpo . The upper Indus Plain starts from Kalabagh . The upper Indus Plain ends at Mithankot .

The Shah Jahan Mosque is also known as the Jamia Masjid of Thatta . It was built by Shah Jahan . It's construction started in 1647 and completed in 1659. Shah Jahan also constructed the Shalimar Bagh .

Under the Treaty of Amritsar in March 1846 , the British government sold Kashmir to Gulab Singh for 7.5 million Nanakshahee rupees. Gulab Singh was subsequently bestowed with the title of Maharaja .

Designer: Amir Uddin Kidwai Adoption Date: 11 August 1947 (officially adopted) Additional information : Green field – represents Muslims of Pakistan White stripe – represents minorities and religious minorities’ rights Crescent and star – symbol of progress and light Proportion of flag: 2:3 (height:width)

During his five-year rule from 1540 to 1546 . Sher Shah Suri set up a new civic and military administration. He issued a coin of silver , weighing 178 grains. It was also termed the Rupiya . The silver coin remained in use during the Mughal period, the Maratha era (1674–1818) and in British India, as well.

Date: October 1, 1906 Leader: Sir Aga Khan III Members: About 35 Muslim leaders Location: Viceregal Lodge in Simla Main Purpose: To demand separate electorates and protect Muslim political interests .

Alexander’s Indian campaign began in 327 BC. He crossed the Indus River in 326 BC on his way to Taxila . Battle of the Hydaspes : Fought against King Porus in 326 BC.

Pakistan Television (PTV) started its live transmission on November 26, 1964 At the pilot station in Lahore. The initial broadcasts were entirely live, as video tape recording (VTR) Additional information: 2nd, in Dhaka in 1965. 3rd, in Rawalpindi-Islamabad in 1965. 4th Karachi in 1966. Last updated by NA on 16-07-2026

President Ayub Khan promulgated the Constitution of 1962 on 1 March 1962 It finally came into effect on 8 June 1962 In 1962 constitution: The presidential government system was introduced Urdu and Bengali was Declared as t he Official Language Iskandar Ali Mirza, the first president of Pakistan abrogated the constitution of 1956 Ayoub Khan was made chief of martial law after this abrogation Ayoub Khan enforced the new constitution on 8th June 1962 Yahiya Khan abrogated the 1962 constitution and became CMLA

Thar Desert is the largest desert in Pakistan. It is the only subtropical desert in Asia . It is the 3rd largest in Asia. It spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers . It covers large areas of Pakistan and India. Pakistan hosts five major deserts which were historic forests: Cholistan (Bahawalpur, Punjab) Thal (Bakhar district of Punjab) Katpana desert (Sakardu) Kharan desert (Balochistan) Thar desert (Sindh)

The Cabinet Mission of 1946 consisted of three members: Lord Pethick-Lawrence : The Secretary of State for India Sir Stafford Cripps : The President of the Board of Trade A.V. Alexander : The First Lord of the Admiralty

The highest military award is Nishan-e-Haider . Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar , the country's first recipient of Nishan-i-Haider . Nishan-e-Pakistan : Highest Civil Award. Tamgha-e-Khidmat : Smallest Civil Award. Additional information: Highest Military Awards in the World List Country Name Award Name United Kingdom The Victoria Cross Russia Order of St. George China Order of August First United States Medal of Honor India Param Vir Chakra Pakistan Nishan-e-Haider France The Legion of Honour Germany The Cross of Honour for Valour Italy Gold Medal of Military Valour Japan Order of the Chrysanthemum Greece Cross of Valour Turkey Medal of Honor Israel Medal of Valor Australia Victoria Cross for Australia Bangladesh Bir Sreshtho Canada The Victoria Cross of Canada Denmark The Valour Cross Finland Mannerheim Cross North Korea Soldier’s Medal of Honou Poland Order of Virtuti Militari Thailand Order of Rama Iran Order of Zolfaghar Afghanistan Campaign Medal South Africa Nkwe ya Gauta – Golden Leopard Vietnam Military Merit Medal Austria Military Merit Decoration Sri Lanka Parama Weera Vibhushanaya Spain Laureate Cross

K2 is part of the Karakoram Range . It is located on the border between Baltistan, in the Gilgit–Baltistan region of Pakistan. Additional information : K-2 is also known as Godwin Austin. 'K' standing for Karakoram. Mount K2 is the second-highest mountain on Earth. Mount K2 is located on the border of Pakistan and China. The height of K2 is 8,611 meters . اچھی تیاری کرنی ہے تو یہ سوالات ضرور پڑھیں Click here

The Indus River is widely known as the lifeline of Pakistan . It is the longest river in Pakistan. The Indus River is essential for agriculture, irrigation, drinking water , and hydropower . Additional information : Length: Approximately 3,180 km Origin: Tibetan Plateau, near Lake Manasarovar Mouth: Arabian Sea , near the Indus Delta .

The Khilafat Movement was mainly led by the Ali Brothers ( Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Shaukat Ali ) It was started in 1919 AD in the Indian Subcontinent. It aimed to protect the Ottoman Caliphate after World War I. The movement lasted from 1919 to 1924 AD and ended after the abolition of the Caliphate .

Mountain range: Hindu Kush Highest peak: Tirich Mir Height: Approximately 7,708 metres Location: Northwestern Pakistan and Afghanistan

Simon Commission was a group of seven members of the British Parliament Under the chairmanship of John Simon. Indian Statutory Commission, also known as the Simon Commission, Rejected by the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League Appointed in 1928 Opposed by both Jinnah & Gandhi Additional information: One of its members was Clement Attlee , who would later become the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945–1951). Last updated by NA on 16-07-2026

Shalimar Gardens in Lahore was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan . Construction Year: 1641–42 Included in UNESCO World Heritage Site: 1981 Terraces: 3 main terraces (upper, middle, lower) Water Fountains: Over 400 fountains Total Area: Approximately 16 hectares Shah Jahan also built: Taj Mahal (Agra), Jama Masjid (Delhi), Red Fort (Delhi) Sr# Built by Name of Places 1 Jahangir​ Shalimar Bagh, Kashmir 2 Shah Jahan 1. Shalimar Garden, Pakistan, 2. Taj Mahal, 3. the Jama Masjid, 4. the Red Fort 3 Akbar 1. Buland Darwaza, 2. Fatehpur Sikri 4 Aurangzeb Moti Masjid, Delhi

The Lahore Resolution was passed on 23 March 1940 at Minto Park, Lahore . Presented by A. K. Fazlul Huq Prepared text by Muhammad Zafarullah Khan It demanded separate states for Muslims of the subcontinent . It is also called the Pakistan Resolution . Additional information : Key Participants (by region) Punjab → Zafar Ali Khan Sindh → Sir Abdullah Haroon Bengal → A.K. Fazlul Huq KPK → Sardar Aurangzeb Khan United Provinces → Khalid Zaman Last verified 04-05-2026

First Mughal Emperor: Babur Full Name: Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad Babur Reign: 1526–1530 Born: 14 February 1483, Andijan Origin: Fergana, Central Asia Victory: First Battle of Panipat (1526) Defeated: Ibrahim Lodi Died: 26 December 1530, Agra Ancestry: Timur & Genghis Khan

River Kabul joins Indus at Attock. It flows from Afghanistan into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa before joining Indus . It passes through Kabul (Afghanistan), Jalalabad, and Peshawar. Additional information: Indus River – Longest river of Pakistan Jhelum River – Joins Indus at Trimmu Chenab River – Joins Indus at Panjnad Ravi River – Tributary of Indus Sutlej River – Joins Indus at Panjnad

Place: Dhaka (then Bengal, British India) Founded on: 30 December 1906 Founders: Nawab Salimullah, Agha Khan III, etc. Objective : Protection of Muslim political rights Role : Key political force behind Pakistan Movement

Pass connecting Pakistan and Afghanistan is the Khyber Pass Connects Landi Kotal to the Valley of Peshawar. Elevation: 1,070 m (3,510 ft) Traversed by: N-5 National Highway; Khyber Pass Railway Location: i n Landi Kotal and Jamrud Range: White Mountains (Spin Ghar, Safed Koh) Additional information Bolan Pass Connects: JCB and Sibi with Quetta Height: 1793 meters, 5884 feet Lowari Pass Connects: Chitral with Dir Height: 3118 meters, 10230 feet Broghil Pass Location: Pakistan & Afghanistan border Height: 3798 meters, 12460 feet Malakand Pass Connects: Dir with Chitral Height: 1362 meters, 4468 feet Shandur pass Connects: Gupis/Gilgit with Chitral Height: 3700 meters, 12139 feet Khanjerab Pass (top most in Pakistan) Other name: Friendship Gate Connects: China with Pakistan Height: 4693 meters, 15397 feet Dorah pass Connects: Badakhshan province of Afghanistan with Chitral Height: 4300 meters, 14108 feet Babusar Pass Connects: Mansehra/Abbotabad with Gilgit Kohat Pass Connects: Kohat with Peshawar Khojak Pass Connects: Qilla Abdullah with Chaman Tochi Pass Connects: Ghazni with Bannu Karakar Pass Connects: Mingora with Buner Last updated by NA on 23-April-2026