Animal Husbandry — Part 1 MCQs with Explanations

Feed conversion ratio (kg feed/kg live wt. gain) in pigs is 3 kg. In animal husbandry, feed conversion ratio (FCR) or feed conversion rate is a ratio or rate measuring the efficiency with which the bodies of livestock convert animal feed into the desired output. The FCR of pigs is greatest up to the period, when pigs weigh 220 pounds. During this period, their FCR is 3.5. Their FCR begins decreasing gradually after this period. Lower FCR values indicate higher efficiency. FCR calculated based on weight gained gets worse after pigs mature, as it takes more and more feed to drive growth.

Suitable pH for fish ponds is 6.5. An acceptable range would be 6.5 to 9.0, but most suitable pH is 6.5. Fish can become stressed in water with a pH ranging from 4.0 to 6.5 and 9.0 to 11.0. A higher water pH can become especially dangerous for pond fish, as both high pH and high temperatures will increase the toxicity of ammonia in water.

In milk heat treatment (like pasteurization), vitamins behave differently based on their stability. Vitamin C is highly heat-sensitive and is easily destroyed. Vitamin K is generally heat-stable, but it is present in very small amounts in milk and is not the primary consideration in dairy science questions. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin and is well-known for its stability during pasteurization and normal heat treatment of milk . In dairy science and animal husbandry context, Vitamin A is considered the most heat-resistant vitamin in milk . Therefore, the correct answer is Option A (Vitamin A) .

The oestrus cycle of sheep is 16 days. Sheep oestrus cycles occur seasonally, and the duration of one complete ovarian cycle is 16 - 17 days. Average duration of oestrus is 24 to 36 hours, with ovulation occurring toward the end of oestrus or approximately 24 hours after the onset of oestrus. The length of 1,038 estrous cycles for 299 different ewes, 90% of the cycles were 14 - 19 days long, with an average of about 17 days. The start of the estrous cycle is considered to be when ovulation of an egg occurs from the ovary.

Cattle plague is another name for Rinderpest. Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and many other species. Infected animals suffered from symptoms such as fever, wounds in the mouth, diarrhea, discharge from the nose and eyes, and eventually death. Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air.

The viral agent that produces diphagic fever, respiratory distress, nervous symptoms and hard pad disease in dogs is Canine distemper virus. Canine distemper virus (CDV) (sometimes termed “footpad disease”) is a viral disease that affects a wide variety of mammal families, including domestic and wild species of dogs. The above signs, especially fever, respiratory signs, neurological signs, and thickened footpads, occurring in unvaccinated dogs strongly indicate CDV. The time between infection and disease is 14 to 18 days, although a fever can appear from 3 to 6 days after infection.

The animal gets swelling on the hind quarters, shoulders arid neck, limp and on pressing the affected parts, making crepitating sound in the disease named Black quarter. Blackleg, black quarter, quarter evil, or quarter ill is an infectious bacterial disease most commonly caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a Gram-positive bacterial species. It is an acute, highly fatal disease of cattle and sheep. In cattle, characteristic lesions of emphysematous swelling of the musculature often develop without a history of wounds. When infection begins, the animal may develop a fever, and the affected limb can feel hot to the touch. The limb usually swells significantly, and the animal can develop lameness on the affected leg.

Shortest period of estrous cycle is Estrus. In species with estrous cycles, females are generally only sexually active during the estrus phase of their cycle. Estrus refers to the phase when the female is sexually receptive. A signal trait of estrus is the lordosis reflex, in which the animal spontaneously elevates her hindquarters.

β-oxidation can occur in Mitochondria and Peroxisomes. Beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH 2 , which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain. Mitochondria catalyze the beta-oxidation of the bulk of short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids derived from diet, and this pathway constitutes the major process by which fatty acids are oxidized to generate energy.

Salted meat of pig is known as Bacon. Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. It is eaten as a side dish, used as a central ingredient, or as a flavouring or accent. Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant, and may also be used to insulate or flavour roast joints by being layered onto the meat.

This question asks about different breeds of goats. Let's go through the options: Option A: Kashmiri - Kashmiri is a breed of goat that originates from the Kashmir region. They are known for their fine wool and are found in the northern parts of India. Option B: Gaddi - Gaddi goats are also a breed of goat found in the Himachal Pradesh region of India. They are used for milk and meat production. Option C: Cheviot - Cheviot is not a breed of goat, but a breed of sheep. They are a hardy breed of sheep, found mainly in the Cheviot Hills in the United Kingdom. Option D: Chamba - Chamba is a breed of goat found in the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh, India. These goats are known for their milk and meat production. Therefore, the correct answer is Option C: Cheviot because it is a breed of sheep, not a goat.

The native Melabari goat breed is from Kerala. This is the first recognized breed of Kerala among livestock. The Malabari breed of goat is known for its quality meat with less fat, prolific breeding, and is ideally suited for the Kerala climate. Malabari is a breed of medium-sized goats seen widely in the northern districts of Kerala.

Surathi buffalo breed is a native of Gujarat. The Surti is a breed of water buffalo found in the Kaira and Vadodara districts of Gujarat between the Mahi and Sabarmati rivers. Its average milk yield is 1600 - 1800 litres. The fat content of the milk is about 8 - 10 percent. The Surti buffalo is of medium size and docile temperament. The breed has got a fairly broad and long head with a convex shape at the top in between horns. The best animals of this breed are found in Anand, Kaira and Baroda districts of Gujarat.

Rabies is also known as Lyssa, Rage and Tallwut. Rabies, also called hydrophobia, Rage, Tallwut, or lyssa, acute, ordinarily fatal, viral disease of the central nervous system that is usually spread among domestic dogs and wild carnivorous animals by a bite. All warm-blooded animals, including humans, are susceptible to rabies infection. Rabies virus, scientific name Rabies lyssavirus, is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in humans and animals. Rabies transmission can occur through the saliva of animals and less commonly through contact with human saliva.

Vitamin C and Selenium are required for Ubiquinone synthesis. Ubiquinone is a crucial component of bacterial bioenergetics. The bacterial pathways to produce ubiquinone are highly diverse. Ubiquinone is produced in anoxic conditions by a dioxygen-independent pathway. Ubi, mena and plastoquinone biosynthetic pathways are evolutionary related. Chorismate biosynthetic pathway is necessary for the formation of p-aminobenzoic acid ubiquinone, aromatic amino acids, enterochelin and vitamin K.

First clone Dolly was made in Sheep. Dolly (5 th July 1996 - 14 th February 2003) was a female Finn-Dorset sheep and the first mammal that was cloned from an adult somatic cell. She was cloned by associates of the Roslin Institute in Scotland, using the process of nuclear transfer from a cell taken from a mammary gland. Her cloning proved that a cloned organism could be produced from a mature cell from a specific body part.

Gestation period for swine is 114 days. Fetal development occurs between attachments of fertilized embryos to the uterus, to the days right before parturition (birth). The length of time a sow is pregnant, or gestating, is about 115 days, or 3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days. During this time the piglets go through different phases of development, which we will separate into 5 major phases: Day 0 - 15, Day 13 - 30, Day 30 - 77, Day 77 - 90, Day 90 - 114.

Hormone for milk secretion Prolactin. Prolactin is necessary for the secretion of milk by the cells of the alveoli. The level of prolactin in the blood increases markedly during pregnancy, and stimulates the growth and development of the mammary tissue, in preparation for the production of milk. Prolactin levels decrease as lactation is established but nursing stimulates prolactin release from the pituitary which promotes continued milk production. Prolactin is secreted into milk at levels representative of the average circulating concentration.

Pituitary glands secrete oxytocin. Pituitary gland (also known as hypophysis) is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of your brain below your hypothalamus. It sits in its little chamber under your brain known as the sella turcica. It's a part of endocrine system and is in charge of making several essential hormones like oxytoxin. Oxytocin is a natural hormone that manages key aspects of the female and male reproductive systems, including labour and delivery and lactation, as well as aspects of human behaviour. Hypothalamus makes oxytocin, but your posterior pituitary gland stores and releases it into your bloodstream.

Alpine is a breed of Goat. The Alpine is a medium to the large sized breed of domestic goat known for its very good milking ability. They have no set colours or markings. They have horns, a straight profile and erect ears. The breed originated in the French Alps. Mature does weigh around 61 kg (135 lbs) and is about 76 cm (30 in) tall at the shoulder. Alpine goats can range from white or grey to brown and black. Alpine goats are heavy milkers.

For breeding, the number of ewes per ram is 40 - 50. Fertile adult rams can serve at least 5 ewes per day, so over a 34 days breeding season, one ram could theoretically service over 150 ewes. One mature ram can breed with up to between 35 and 50 ewes every year. A ram that is between a yearling and five years old can usually breed with between 25 and 50 ewes. Even a well-matured ram lamb can mate with between 15 and 30 ewes.

Casein is precipitated from milk at pH 4.6. Casein is precipitated from skim milk by acidifying it to produce acid casein, or the milk is treated with rennet to produce rennet casein. The precipitated casein curd is separated from the whey, washed and dried. For casein, the IEP is approximately 4.6 and it is the pH value at which acid casein is precipitated. In milk, which has a pH of about 6.6, the casein micelles have a net negative charge and are quite stable.

Maximum amount of protein is found in Sheep milk. The difference in the protein content is due to genetic variation among these animal species. Whey protein content was highest in sheep milk (0.74%) while the lowest content was found in cow milk (0.53%). NCN content was higher in sheep milk (1.31%) and lower in camel (0.91%) and goat milk (0.90%). The whey protein in sheep milk is very digestible. Sheep milk contains 3 times more of this type of protein than goat's or cow's milk which also contributes to better digestibility.

Big liver disease is also known as IBD. Liver disease can be a complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease. The liver, which processes the food you ingest, can develop inflammation if IBD isn't treated appropriately. Unfortunately, some drugs used to treat IBD may also damage the liver.

Cow milk's protein is called Casein. Casein and whey protein are the major proteins of milk. Casein constitutes approximately 80% (29.5 g/L) of the total protein in bovine milk, and whey protein accounts for about 20% (6.3 g/L) (19-21). Casein is chiefly phosphate-conjugated and mainly consists of calcium phosphate- micelle complexes.

Most common grass for animal feeding in Rajasthan is Sewan. Sewan is the primary grass of extremely arid parts of Jaisalmer, Barmer and Bikaner districts of western Rajasthan in the Indian Thar desert. It thrives well under moisture stress on sandy plains, low dunes and hummocks of this region, receiving annual rainfall below 200 mm.

Oestrus cycle of pig is 21 days. The oestrous cycle in pigs spans 18 - 21 days. It consists of a follicular phase of 5 - 7 days and a luteal phase of 13 - 15 days. During the follicular phase, small antral follicles develop into large, pre-ovulatory follicles. The female pig (sow) is ready to breed (reaches puberty) at 5 months of age and will show signs of being in heat. Some slow growing types and animals which are underfed will be older when they reach puberty. The sow will come into heat every 3 weeks throughout the year if she is not mated.

Night is the best time to sit hen on eggs. The best time to set a hen is at night, as at this time she is more likely to settle down. Besides, when eggs are put under the hen at night the chicken is more likely to hatch on the night of the 21 st day, and will have the whole night to rest and gain strength.

Diseases transmitted from man to lower vertebrate animals are called Zooanthropozoonosis. A reverse zoonosis, also known as a zooanthroponosis or anthroponosis, is a pathogen reservoired in humans that is capable of being transmitted to non-human animals. It refers to pathogens sourced from humans and can include human to non-human animal transmission but also human to human transmission.

Heat in camel is known as Musth. Camel is a seasonal breeder and their reproduction is different as compared to other livestock as both male and female come into heat during the breeding season. The terminology used in case of males is “Thoot”, “Rutt” or “Musth”. Usually, the heat period is from November to March.

Karan Fries was made by cross between Friesian × Tharparkar. Karan Fries is an Indian composite breed of cattle with superior milk production with a greater disease resistance than many other cattle. Understanding the basic sperm and semen characteristics is necessary to develop artificial insemination and sperm sexing methods. This breed has evolved at NDRI, Karnal (Haryana). It is a cross between Tharparkar × Holstein Friesian. Average milk production is 3700 kg with 3.8 - 4% fat.

The yellow colour of egg yolk is due to the pigment Xanthophyll. Pigments that impart a yellow or orange color to egg yolk belong to an oxycarotenoid group called xanthophylls. The most important xanthophylls for egg yolk coloration are zeaxanthin and lutein. The former is causing egg yolks to be more orange-red, while lutein imparts a more yellow hue.

The disease found in sheep during monsoon is Foot rot. Footrot (or Dichelobacter nodosus) is an infectious and contagious disease that can potentially cause lameness in your flock. Ovine (sheep) footrot has long been dreaded by sheep owners. Footrot of sheep and goats is a scheduled disease under disease control legislation.

Test used for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle is MRT. The MRT is an agglutination reaction used to determine the presence of brucellosis in milk. This test shows the presence of agglutinins (antibodies) in the milk after incubation with the addition of stained inactive Brucella into a milk sample. Brucellosis is a contagious, infectious, and communicable disease, primarily affecting cattle, bison, and swine, and is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella.

The causal organism of Bangis disease in cattle is Brucella abortus. Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative bacterium in the family Brucellaceae and is one of the causative agents of brucellosis. The rod-shaped pathogen is classified under the domain Bacteria. The prokaryotic B. abortus is non-spore-forming, non-motile, and aerobic. Brucella abortus. Cattle are the usual hosts for Brucella abortus. This organism also causes brucellosis in bison, water buffalo, camels and elk, and occasionally affects other species.

Coughing up of blood is termed Haemoptysis. Haemoptysis is the medical term for coughing up blood from the lungs or bronchial tubes. It can range from small flecks of blood to a lot of blood. It can be mild or indicate something serious. It is haemoptysis if the blood comes from the lungs or bronchial tubes (the tubes that bring air to the lungs).

Bacteria that require living medium for their growth are Chlamydia and Rickettsia. A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation. among bacteria species and growing conditions; these generally provide essential elements such as magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur to allow the bacteria to synthesize protein and nucleic acids.

In India the maximum goat is found in Rajasthan. Rajasthan had the highest goat population in India, at about 20.4 million in 2019. West Bengal ranked second that year, followed by Uttar Pradesh. Marwari, an important dual-purpose (meat and milk) goat breed, is found in great Thar Desert in Northwestern region of Rajasthan (India). The breed derived its name from 'Marwar' region of Rajasthan, which is the natural habitat of the breed.

Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute is located at Cochin. The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute was established in the government of India on 3 rd February 1947 under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and later, in 1967, it joined the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) family and emerged as a leading tropical marine fisheries research institute in the world. The Headquarters of the ICAR-CMFRI is located in Cochin, Kerala. To develop an information based management system for changing over from open access to the regulated regime in marine fisheries, augment coastal fish production through mariculture and sea ranching and restore critical marine habitats.

Rotational stocking is the method of Grazing animals. Rotational grazing is a system where a large pasture is divided into smaller paddocks allowing livestock to be moved from one paddock to the other easily. Using this method cattle are concentrated on a smaller area of the pasture for a few days then moved to another section of pasture.