Animal Husbandry — Part 2 MCQs with Explanations

Butter contains, about 81% Fat. Butter is a dairy product made from the fat and protein components of churned cream. It is a semi-solid emulsion at room temperature, consisting of approximately 80% butterfat. Commercial butter is about 80% butterfat and 15% water; traditionally-made butter may have as little as 65% fat with 30% water. Butterfat is a mixture of triglyceride, a triester derived from glycerol and three of any of several fatty acid groups.

a. The body temperature of Chicken is 41.7°C. b. The body temperature of Swine is 39°C. c. The body temperature of Rabbit is 38.9°C. d. The body temperature of Horse is 38°C.

Thick horns, a broad dished forehead and short face are present in Kankrej. It is also called Wadad or Waged, Wadhiar. Originated from Southeast Rann of Kutch of Gujarat and adjoining Rajasthan (Barmer and Jodhpur district). Colour of the animal varies from silver-grey to iron-grey or steel-black. The gait of Kankrej is peculiar called $$1\frac{1}{4}$$ paces (sawai chal). Kankrej is valued for fast, powerful, draught cattle. Useful in ploughing and carting. The cows are good milkers, yielding about 1360 kgs.

National Research Centre on camel is located at Bikaner. ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, is a Premier Research Centre located in Bikaner city of Rajasthan. The Government of India established a Project Directorate on Camel at Bikaner (India) on 5 th July 1984 under aegis of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) which was upgraded to National Research Centre on Camel (NRCC) on 20 th September 1995. It is located in the Jorbeer area of Bikaner city which is about 8 km from Bikaner main city. The key objectives of NRCC are camel breeding and health, utilisation of camel milk and its byproducts like ice-cream made of it, which makes it a one-of-a-kind institute in India.

The world's highly prized yielding 'Pashmina' breed is Goat. It is closely associated with the nomadic Changpa people of the Changthang plateau. It may also be known as the Ladakh Pashmina or Kashmiri. It is a small goat, standing about 50 cm at the withers, and weighing on average approximately 20 kg. Both sexes are horned; the horns are large and twisted, and may reach a length of 55 cm. Pashmina is the finest quality of wool obtained from a special variety of goat Pashmina living in high altitude regions of India. This goat is mainly native to Tibet, Nepal, and Ladakh in Jammu Kashmir, India.

Fowl cholera disease in poultry is caused by Bacterial disease. It is an infectious avian disease caused by the bacterium, Pasteurella multocida. It is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. The species P. multocida includes the subspecies multocida, septica and gallicida. The most efficient treatment in breeding flocks or laying hens is individual intramuscular injections of a long-acting tetracycline, with the same antibiotic in drinking water.

Thyroxine and calcitocin help in an increased rate of cellular metabolism and decreased blood calcium, respectively are released from Thyroid. The thyroid gland produces three hormones: Triiodothyronine, also known as T3. Tetraiodothyronine, also called thyroxine or T4. Calcitonin. Calcitonin is a hormone that your thyroid gland makes and releases to help regulate calcium levels in your blood by decreasing it. Calcitonin opposes the actions of the parathyroid hormone, which is a hormone that increases your blood calcium levels.

Taurine requirement of cats is 500 mg/kg DM in diet. Taurine is exclusively found in animal-based proteins. It is critical for normal vision, digestion, heart muscle function, to maintain normal pregnancy and fetal development, and to maintain a healthy immune system. Taurine is an essential amino acid in the cat. This value is in agreement with the previous estimate and approximates a taurine concentration of 500 mg/kg of dry matter in a commercial cat food.

Most pathogenic species/disease affecting snakes is Salmonellosis. The most common germ carried by reptiles and amphibians is Salmonella. Reptiles and amphibians often carry Salmonella bacteria in their digestive tracts. Even healthy reptiles and amphibians can carry the bacteria. Almost all strains of Salmonella are pathogenic as they can invade, replicate and survive in human host cells, resulting in potentially fatal disease.

Zebra marking is predominant feature of Rinder pest. Rinderpest was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and many other species of even-toed ungulates, including gaurs, buffaloes, large antelope, deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs. Gross pathologic lesions occurred throughout the GI and upper respiratory tracts, either as areas of necrosis and erosion, or congestion and hemorrhage, the latter creating classic “zebra-striping” in the rectum. Lymph nodes could be enlarged and edematous, with white necrotic foci in the Peyer's patches.

Pallisade arrangement is characteristic of Corynebacterium. The corynebacteria are gram-positive bacilli that are nonspore forming club-shaped rods. The name is derived from the Greek koryne, which stands for club. Bacteria are small, pleomorphic, aerobic, non-spore forming bacilli. They are Gram positive and slightly club shaped. In a typical Gram stain these bacteria appear as V-in Y-shaped arrangements or a palisade arrangement of the cells.

Per capita availability of eggs in India is 18 - 20 eggs/year. The Per Capita Availability is estimated by dividing the annual average availability by the population. Per capita availability data is updated every year, on an average it is 20 units/ annum from March 1951 to 2021, with various observations.

Fat soluble vitamins includes A, D, E and K. Fat-soluble vitamins are most abundant in high fat foods and are much better absorbed into your bloodstream when you eat them with fat. They are found in many plant and animal foods and dietary supplements. Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble.

Pathognomic signs of fracture are Crepitation. Crepitation refers to situations where noises are produced by the rubbing of parts one against the other. It is a grating or crackling sound or sensation (as that produced by the fractured ends of a bone moving against each other or as that in tissues. It is a condition in which cartilage begins to rub away, leaving bones unprotected and creating inflammation.

Boiling point of the milk is 100.16°C. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapour. The boiling point of a liquid varies depending on the surrounding environmental pressure. A liquid in a partial vacuum, i.e., under lower pressure, has a lower boiling point than when that liquid is at atmospheric pressure.

Fragmentation of nucleus in a cell is termed Karyorrhexis. Karyorrhexis is the destructive fragmentation of the nucleus of a dying cell whereby its chromatin is distributed irregularly throughout the cytoplasm. It is usually preceded by pyknosis and can occur as a result of either programmed cell death, cellular senescence, or necrosis. In apoptosis, the cleavage of DNA is done by Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ -dependent endonucleases.

Colostrum feeding necessary for increasing protein, Easy to digest and Disease resistant. Colostrum, or first milk, is the first form of milk produced by the mammary glands of humans and other mammals immediately following delivery of the newborn. It is rich in protein and low in sugar and fat. Colostrum delivers its bioactives in a very concentrated low-volume form. Colostrum is known to contain immune cells and many antibodies such as IgA, IgG and IgM. Colostrum strengthens a baby's immune system and is filled with white blood cells to protect it from infection.

Minerals in the feed are Feed supplements. Feed supplements are phosphate, calcium and trace mineral mixtures that can be given to grazing animals during the dry or rainy season. They supplement grazing when it is deficient in minerals and trace minerals. Feed for livestock must be composed of certified organic agricultural products. Any agricultural ingredients used in feed supplements or additives for organic livestock must be certified organic.

Flavouring compound for butter is Diacetyl. Diacetyl is also the primary flavor compound in starter cultures and distillates which are used in producing cultured butter. It is a volatile yellow liquid ketone with a cheese-like smell. It is a naturally occurring substance that gives butter its characteristic flavor and aroma and is often a component of artificial flavoring formulations.

In Angara disease, the pathological finding is Hydropericardium. Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) also known as Angara disease and Litchi heart disease, is an emerging disease of poultry caused by fowl adenovirus. It is one of the important emerging diseases causing huge losses to the poultry industry. It affects mainly 3- to 6-week-old broiler chickens and rarely occurs in breeding and laying flocks. Recently, an HPS case was recorded with sudden heavy mortality in a 100-day-old laying flock.

Longest phase of oestrus cycle Diestrus. This phase is characterized by the activity of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. The signs of estrogen stimulation subside and the corpus luteum starts to form. The uterine lining begins to appear. The vaginal cytology during metestrus consists of many leukocytes along with nucleated cells and cornified cells. Diestrus is the longest phase, lasting roughly 57 h, and the vaginal smear consists primarily of leukocytes. Estrus detection in vaginal smears.

The highest number of buffaloes are found in India. The world population of 200 million buffaloes has been distributed over 40 countries, but 97 percent population is confined to Asia and India with 109 million buffaloes hosting 57 percent of the total. Uttar Pradesh had the highest buffalo population in India, at about 33 million in 2019. Indian states with the highest number of buffalo in 2019.

Best method for judging animals is Scoring index. The scoring index is the baseline against which Genesys Cloud measures all other calibration evaluations. The calibration results indicate the deviation of each calibration evaluation rating compared to the scoring index.

Tape worm increases in Small intestine. A tapeworm in the intestines often causes mild symptoms. Moderate to severe symptoms may include stomach pain and diarrhea. Larval cysts can cause serious disease if they are in a person's brain, liver, lungs, heart or eyes. The mature tapeworm can only survive inside the host animal, feeding off of the host's nutrients. The head attaches to the inside of your intestines and absorbs nutrients from the food digesting there.

Parturition in ewe known as Lambing. In sheep, the process of parturition is called “lambing,” and it is referred to as "kidding" in goats. The gestation period in sheep and goats is very similar, with sheep giving birth after 144 - 150 days, and goats kidding at around 150 days. Lambing is the time in the spring when female sheep give birth to lambs. Lambing is the climax of the sheep farmer's year.

The native Marwari goat is from Rajasthan. Marwari, an important dual-purpose (meat and milk) goat breed, is found in the great Thar Desert in Northwestern region of Rajasthan (India). The breed derived its name from 'Marwar' region of Rajasthan, which is the natural habitat of the breed. The breed is also known as Barmeri or Black Desert goat of Rajasthan.

Meat of sheep is known as Mutton. Lamb is 'a young sheep', or 'meat from a young sheep', while mutton is defined as 'meat from a fully grown sheep'. Lamb, hogget, and mutton, generically sheep meat, are the meat of domestic sheep. A sheep in its first year is a lamb and its meat is also lamb. The meat from sheep in their second year is hogget. Older sheep meat is mutton. Mutton is meat from a sheep over two years old, and has less tender flesh. In general, the darker the colour, the older the animal.

The main cause of death in case of burn during latter stage is Secondary infection. Staphylococcus aureus remains the chief cause of burn wound infection. Second-degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis layer of skin. The burn site appears red, blistered, and may be swollen and painful.

In Stilesia hepatica tape worm, uterus is long transverse and dumble shape. Stilesia hepatica is the cestode parasite that has sheep, goats, other livestock and numerous wild ruminants as final hosts. Stilesia hepatica is characterized by whitish colour, dorso-ventrally flattened, externally rectangular segmented body. The parasite was measured and found to have an average length of 62 cm and an average width of 3 mm. The major part of the tape worm is called strobila and it consists of segments and proglottids. They each contain both male and female reproductive organs.

Fe element is deficient in milk. Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they can digest solid food. Protein, fat, lactose, and minerals are the four major components in all milk, irrespective of the species. Minerals or milk salts are traditional names for a variety of cations and anions within bovine milk. In addition to calcium, milk is a good source of many other vitamins. Vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, K, E, thiamine, niacin, biotin, riboflavin, folates, and pantothenic acid are all present in milk, but it lacks iron.

Reticulum is the smallest compartment of the ruminant stomach. The reticulum is a pouch-like structure in the forward area of the body, close to the heart. The tissues in the reticulum form a network similar to a honeycomb. A small tissue fold lies between the reticulum and rumen, but the two aren't separate compartments.

All reactions in TCA cycle are reversible except the formation of Succinyl Co-A. The citric acid cycle (CAC) or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)is a series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Succinyl Co-A is irreversible stage, it generates NADH, and regenerates the 4C chain.

Order of the efficiency of conversion of Tryptophan to Niacin is Chicken > Pig > Duck > Cat.

Corynebacteria can be characterized as Non-motile, non-sporing, aerobic, Gram positive bacilli. Corynebacteria are club-shaped, gram-positive, non spore forming bacteria, found in chines characters-like arrangement of cells. These are non-motile, aerobic, pleomorphic rods with coccoid or club-shaped appearance that are catalase-positive and non-acid-fast. Bacteria are small, pleomorphic, aerobic, non-spore forming bacilli. They are Gram-positive and slightly club shaped.

When three breeds are crossed rotationally it is Triple crossing. Three or more breeds are involved in rotational crossing. When males of three or more breeds are used in crossing over their crossbred female progeny alternately then it is called rotational crossing. If three breeds are used then it is called Three-way Rotational Crossing.

Bovine diarrhoea virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bovine viral diarrhoea or mucosal disease, and previously referred to as bovine virus diarrhea (BVD), is an economically significant disease of cattle that is found in the majority of countries throughout the world. The causative agent, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is a member of the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae.

Mehsana has been developed from crosses between Murrah × Surti. Mehsana Buffalo is the outcome of cross-breeding between Surti and Murrah species of buffaloes. This breed of animal has been named after Mehsana district located in Gujarat. This breed of animal is notable for its black body colour. It has bright eyes. Per lactation Mehsana Buffalo produces 598 kg to 3597 kg of milk. Fat content of produced milk ranges between 5.2% to 9.5%.

Colour of ruminant bile is Green. Bile is a yellow-green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. Bile salts are stored in the gallbladder and secreted once the contents of the stomach have reached the small intestines where most fats are broken down. The pancreas secretes enzymes and alkalis to neutralize stomach acid.

Temperature required for artificial vagina in cow is 41°C. The artificial vagina method is most widely used today for the collection of bull semen. The bull is allowed to mount a teaser cow and ejaculates when the penis is directed into the artificial vagina. The artificial vagina consists of a firm cylindrical tube with a thin-walled rubber lining. An artificial vagina (AV), as used for bulls, is prepared as usual and the final internal temperature is brought to 40 - 50°C.

Nurse cells for sperm are called Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells are a type of sustentacular "nurse" cell found in human testes that contribute to the process of spermatogenesis (the production of sperm) as a structural component of the seminiferous tubules. Sertoli cells also act as phagocytes, consuming the residual cytoplasm during spermatogenesis.